Term
| Compare and contrast conscious and nonconscious processes |
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Definition
•conscious: -Controlled processes -Slow, deliberate
•Non-conscious:-Automatic processes
-Quick |
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Term
| Understand what is meant by dual processing and the “two-track” (duplex) mind |
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Definition
| conscious vs non-conscious |
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Term
| Be familiar with the debate over the role of consciousness |
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Definition
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Term
| What is priming? What are the two types of priming? |
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Definition
-the passive, subtle, and unobtrusive activation of relevant mental representations by external, environmental stimuli
-Supraliminal vs. Subliminal |
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Term
| Understand the basics of the research studies on priming effects discussed in class (i.e., know how nonconscious stimuli can influence us) |
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Definition
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Term
| Understand the cycle of circadian rhythms |
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Definition
Changes in physiology throughout the day that cue wakefulness and sleep
Responds to cues such as temperature and light
-Also, stop and think. bitch. |
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Term
| Know and be able to identify the stages of sleep |
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Definition
Stage 1- Very brief
Stage 2- About 20 min
Stage 3- Delta Waves Appear
Stage 4- Deep Sleep
REM- Dreams
1,2,3,4,3,2,REM,2,3,4,3,2,REM |
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Term
| Know the major theories regarding why we sleep |
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Definition
Why Sleep?
-Sleep Protects
-Sleep helps us recuperate
-Sleep is for making memories
-Sleep feeds creative thinking
-Sleep plays a role in the growth process |
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Term
| Know the major theories regarding why we dream |
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Definition
Why Dream?
-To satisfy our own wishes
-To file away memories
-To develop and preserve neural pathways
-To make sense of neural static
-To reflect cognitive development |
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Term
| Define the following terms: chromosome, DNA, genes, and genome |
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Definition
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Term
| Know the difference between monozygotic and dizygotic twins and be able to recognize examples of each |
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Definition
| monozygotic- identical twins, share 100% of genes. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Heritability of a population is the proportion of observable differences between individuals that is due to genetic differences |
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Term
| Be familiar with the term “gene-environment interaction” |
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Definition
| exploited by plant and animal breeders to benefit agriculture. For example, plants can be bred to have tolerance for specific environments, such as high or low water availability. |
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Term
| What does “survival of the fittest” really mean? |
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Definition
| Survival of the fittest genes |
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Term
| Define and explain natural selection, including the two criteria of natural selection, how they work, and their relative importance |
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Definition
| “selected for” or “selected against” |
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Term
| Define sexual selection and know the two forms of sexual selection |
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Definition
-Intrasexual competition: Members of the same sex compete over the opposite sex
-Intersexual competition: Mates chosen based on preferences for certain qualities |
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Term
| What is evolutionary psychology? |
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Definition
| The study of traits and behaviors as adaptations |
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Term
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Definition
| an information-based system that includes shared ideas and common ways of doing things |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Recognize examples of independent and interdependent behavior. Are Eastern cultures or Western cultures more independent? Which is more interdependent? How does this relate to individualistic and collectivistic cultures? |
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Definition
East- collectivism
West- Individualism |
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Term
| Define developmental psychology |
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Definition
| Branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span |
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Term
| Understand the three major issues that developmental psychologists study |
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Definition
Physical development
Cognitive development
Social development |
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Term
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Definition
Studied how children’s thinking (cognition) changes over time
Cognitive development |
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Term
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Definition
mental representations of knowledge
Schemas organize and interpret incoming information
“Mental filters”
Children form schemas naturally
Schemas change over the course of development |
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Term
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Definition
interpreting our new experience to fit existing schemas
Make experience fit the schema |
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Term
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Definition
| adapting our schemas to incorporate new experience |
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Term
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Definition
(Birth to age 2)
Basic sensory and motor development
Lack of object permanence
(Understanding that even if something is out of sight, it still exists) |
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Term
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Definition
(Ages 2 to 6 or 7)
Ability to use language, symbols
Conservation
Egocentrism
Theory of mind |
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Term
| Concrete operational stage |
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Definition
(Ages 7 to 11)
Basic math ability
Children become capable of logical reasoning (pertaining to concrete objects)
Lack abstract reasoning |
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Term
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Definition
(Ages 12 and up)
Abstract and hypothetical thought
Logic/moral reasoning |
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Term
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Definition
| Theory of mind is the ability to attribute mental states—beliefs, intents, desires, pretending, knowledge, etc.—to oneself and others and to understand that others have beliefs, desires and intentions that are different from one's own |
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Term
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Definition
| logically determine that a certain quantity will remain the same despite adjustment of the container, shape, or apparent size. |
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Term
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Definition
| Egocentrism is a personality trait which has the characteristic of regarding oneself and one's own opinions or interests as most important or valid. It also generates the inability to fully understand or to cope with other people's opinions and the fact that reality can be different from what they are ready to accept despite any change in their personal belief. |
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Term
| "Talking About Interesting Ideas In Integrated Groups Internationally" |
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Definition
Trust v. mistrust: "Mommy!"
Autonomy v. shame and doubt: either "No!" or the phrase "Terrible twos"
Initiative v. guilt: "Mommy, watch me"
Industry v. inferiority: "Plays well with others"
Identity v. role confusion: "Who am I?"
Intimacy v. isolation: "Do you love me?"
Generativity v. stagnation: "I just want to give something back"
Integrity v. despair: "It's been a good life" |
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