Term
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Definition
| belief that associates a whole group of people with certain trait |
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Definition
| hostile or negative feelings about people based on heir membership in a certain group |
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Definition
| behaviour directd against people solely because of thier membrship group |
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Term
| relationship between self esteem and prejudice |
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Definition
| recieving blow to on'es self esteem can lead to expression of prejudice, which then boost on'es self esteem. |
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Term
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Definition
| practice of classifying people into in groups and outfroupps absed on attriubts that the perosn has in common with the in or out gourp. |
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Term
| outgroup homogeneity effect |
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Definition
| poeple's tendency to underestimate the variabeiliy of outgorup members compared to variability of in gorup memebers |
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Term
| cross-ethinic identification bias |
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Definition
| tendency to see otugroup members as looking very similar to one another, and showing greater accurary for recognizaing in-group members than outgroup memebers. |
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Definition
| tendency to evaulate in group more positively than outgroups |
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| in group favouritism is more likely when? (2) |
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Definition
| people heavily identify with the group and when group norms are salient |
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Term
| social dominance orientation |
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Definition
| personality trait that indicates preference to maintain hierachy within and between groups |
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Term
| relationships between in group favourtism and social dominance orientation. |
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Definition
| level of social domaince orentation onctirubtues to persons in group favourtism |
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Term
| list the 5 cognitive biases people use. |
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Definition
illusory correlation
ultimate attribution error
contrast effect
perceptual confirmation (see nomral paitent as skitzo)
confirmation bias |
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Term
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Definition
| tendency to overestimate associateion between variables that are only slightly or not at all correlated |
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Term
| ultimate attriubtion error |
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Definition
| eorr in which people make dispositional attriubtions for ne.g behaviour and siutational att. for positive behaivour by outgorup memebers, yet reverse attriubtions for in gorup memebers. |
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Term
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Definition
| model that posists that poeple wihtin a group are more often compared to others within that group rather than to people in other groups |
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Definition
| tendency to see things in line with one's expectations |
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Term
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Definition
| tendency to search for information that supports one's intial view |
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Term
| what are the ways of assessing prejudice? |
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Definition
| self report measures and covert measures (Impilicat assoication test and bogus pipeline) |
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Term
| use of sterotypes leads to negative consequneces which include:(4) |
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Definition
self-fullfilling prophecy
steretype threat
reduced physioloigcalwell-being
reverse discrimination (preferential treatment of sterotyped groups) |
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Term
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Definition
| fear that one's behaviour may confirm an existing cultural stereotype, which disrupts one's performance. |
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Term
| rejection - identification model |
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Definition
| model which proposes that peopl in disadvanted groups expereince negatice impact on their well being when they percive prejuice and discrimination against themselves |
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Term
| how people can avoid negative effects of prejudice(4) |
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Definition
1. disengage from and ignore negtaive feedback
2. members of low satus groups can compare thier outcomes to those of others in their in-group as opposed to out group
3. poeple can devlaue dimensions on which thier gorup doens't do so well adn value dimesions which they excel
4. increases identification with ingroup perhaps as a way of increasing self-esteem and therefor well being |
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Term
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Definition
| preferential treatment of people in stereotyped groups |
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Term
| stereotypes consist of two basic dimensions. describe how high status groups, low stauts groups, and very low status groups rate in these. |
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Definition
high status groups (highly competent, not warm)
low status groups (incompetent but warm)
very low status groups (low in competence and low in warmth) |
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Term
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Definition
| feelings of hostility toward women based on their threat to men's power |
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Term
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Definition
| having postive, but patronizing views of women |
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Term
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Definition
| consiouc endorsment of unprejudiced beleifs about a group while at the same time holding unconsious neg. attiudes towards the group |
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Term
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Definition
| maintenacne of prior beliefs by creating seperate categories for people who disconfirm these stereotypes |
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Term
| does subcategorization aid or impede sterotype change? |
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Definition
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Term
| when is sterotype inconsistent behaviour highly effective in reducing stereotypes? |
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Definition
| when the behaviour is perceved to be someething that stays the same rather than involving something temproary about the situation. |
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Term
| stereotypes can be controlled through which (3) training methods |
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Definition
taking another person's perspective
learning considerable information about a person
recieving training in statsitcial reasoning |
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Term
| what (4) factors can help people avoid stereotyping? (personal ways) |
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Definition
self awarness
adopting egalitartian goals
being motivated to be accurate
avoiding trying too hard |
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Term
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Definition
| sterotype one holds about one's own group |
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Term
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Definition
| sterotypes about other groups |
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Term
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Definition
| persons belif about sterotype that outgroup members hold about persons own group |
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