Term
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Definition
| CS is presented shortly AFTER the US on each trial |
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Term
| compound-stimulus test (Summation test) |
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Definition
| tdentifies a stimulus as a conditioned inhibitor if that stimulus reduces the responding elicted by a conditioned excitatory stimulus |
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Term
| conditioned emotional response (CER or conidtioned suppression) |
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Definition
| suppression of positively reinforced instrumental behavior (lever pressing for food) caused by the presentation of a stimulus that has been associated with an aversive stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| the interval between the end of the CS and the start of the US in trace conditioning trials |
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Term
| temporal coding hypothesis |
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Definition
| idea that Pavlovian conditioning procedures lead not only to learning that the US happens but exactly when it occurs in relation to the CS --> the CS eventually represents the timing of the US |
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Term
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Definition
| movement toward and possibly contact with a stimulus that signals the availability of a positive reinforcer, such as food - (Autoshaping) |
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Term
| short-delayed conditioning |
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Definition
| CS is initiated shortly before the US on each conditioning trial |
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Term
| retardation of acquisition test |
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Definition
| test procedure that identifies a stimulus as a conditioned inhibitor if that stimulus is slower to acquire excitatory properties than a comparison stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| increased responding that may occur to a stimulus whose presentations are intermixed with presentations of US in the absence of the establishment of an association between stimulus and US |
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Term
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Definition
| learning associations between different stimulus elements of an object |
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Term
| lick suppression procedure |
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Definition
| similar to CER, but baseline is licking water out of a spout by rats. Presentation of fear-conditioned CS slows rate of drinking the water |
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Term
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Definition
| time elapsed between two successive trials |
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Term
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Definition
| type of classical conditioning in which the conditioned stimulus (CS) becomes a signal for the absence of the unconditioned stimulus (US) |
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Term
| explicitly unpaired control |
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Definition
| CS and US are both presented but with sufficient time between the two that no association can be made |
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Term
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Definition
| changing the hedonic value or liking of something (initially neutral stimulus) by having it associated with something already liked/disliked |
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Term
| pseudo conditioning example |
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Definition
| Between trials of shocking the dog we might present to the dog a tone. At first the tone does not elicit the shock- produced response; it is a neutral stimulus. But after eliciting the leg- response by shock a number of times, we might find that the dog now occasionally responds to the tone, even though the tone and shock were never systematically paired |
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Term
| What are the 4 things that make a US and CS effective? |
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Definition
| (1) Novelty (2) Intensity & Salience (3) Belongingness (4) Learned Associations w/o a US |
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Term
| What is the relation of the intensity and the CR? |
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Definition
| the greater the intesity of input, the more vigorous the CR |
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Term
| What is the relation of the salience and the CR? |
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Definition
| The more salient, the more rapid the learning |
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Term
| Explain belongingness in effective US/CS? |
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Definition
| There is an innate tendency to learn certain kinds of associations relatively easily, like taste aversion |
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Term
| what is higher order conditioning? |
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Definition
| Basically chain classical conditioning - pair tone + food = salivation, then tone + light = salivation, light = salivation |
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Term
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Definition
| fascilitation of the conditioning of a novel stimulus beacuse of the presence of a previously conditioned stimulus (Contra-blocking effect) |
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Term
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Definition
| interference with the conditioning of a novel stimulus because of the presence of a previously conditioned stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| idea that conditioned responding depends on a comparison between the associative strength of the conditioned stimulus (CS) and the associative strength of other cues present during training of the target CS |
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Term
| conditioned compensatory-response |
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Definition
| a conditioned response (CR) opposite in form to the reaction elicited by the unconditioned stimulus (US) and which therefore compensates for this reaction |
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Term
| CS-preexposure effect/latenet-inhibition effect |
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Definition
| interference with conditioning produced by repeated exposures to the CS before the conditioning trials |
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Term
| relative-waiting-time hypothesis |
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Definition
| idea conditioned responding depends on how long organism has to wait for US in presence of the CS, as compared to how long the organism has to wait for the US in the experimental situation irrespective of the CS |
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Term
| S-R learning (Stimulus-response) |
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Definition
| learning of an association between a stimulus and a response, with the result that the stimulus comes to elicit the response |
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Term
| S-S learning (Stimulus-Stimulus) |
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Definition
| learning of an association between two stimuli, with the result that exposure to one of the stimuli comes to activate a representation, or 'mental image' of the other stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| procedure were one biologically weak stimulus (CS2) is repeatedly paired with another biologically weak stimulus (CS1). Then (CS1) is conditioned with an onconditioned stimulus. In a later test trial CS2 will also elicit the conditioned response, even though CS2 was never directly paired with the US |
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Term
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Definition
| theoretical idea that as a result of classical conditioning participants come to respond to the CS in much the same way that they respond to the US |
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Term
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Definition
| stimulus elicited response -- example: touching a hot stove |
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Term
| Fixed action Patterns (FAP) or Modal Action Pattern (MAP) |
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Definition
| triggered by a sign stimulus and will continue till completetion. -- Intensity matters in these situations |
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Term
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Definition
| eating, appetite, sex mating -- the rolling of the egg, the actual searching for food |
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Term
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Definition
| the actual digestion, actual sex |
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Term
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Definition
| decrease in strength of a response after repeated stimulus presentation --> will continue till the point of no response (example, living near a train station) |
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Term
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Definition
| period of rest results in lapse in habituation. habituation happens quicker after this - more intense the stimulus the slower the habituation |
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Term
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Definition
| the return of a habituated response -- no period of rest, not spontaneous recovery |
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Term
| What are some conditions that could result in dishabituation? |
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Definition
| change in habituated stimulus/new stimulus with habituated stimulus/context of habituation |
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Term
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Definition
| (the opposite of habituation) temporary reduction in sensitivity of organs by excessive stimulation (annoying sounds, etc) |
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Term
| What is the difference between habituation and sensory adaptation? |
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Definition
| Habituation has nothing to do with sensory receptors, instead habituation takes place in the central nervous system. Also there is no long term sensory adaptation (recovery every time) |
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Term
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Definition
| Shortest neural pathway connecting the sensory receptors to the muscles involved in making the response. Habituation is thought to occur in the reflex arc |
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Term
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Definition
| Sensitization is thought to occur in the part of the nervous system that determines general responsiveness -You can become more sensitive to the sensation the more you are stimulated by it |
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Term
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Definition
| (1) Stimulus activates a sense organ (2) Relay of sensory messages through interneurons to motor neurons (3) activation of motor neurons causing muscles to move |
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Term
| What step of reflex does habituation occur at? |
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Definition
| the 2nd step -- relay of sensory messages through interneurons to motor neurons (central nervous system) |
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Term
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Definition
| response same to old stimulus as you do new |
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