Shared Flashcard Set

Details

PSY 430 CH2
CH2 Neurons and Neural communication
53
Psychology
Undergraduate 4
01/27/2010

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
what are the two divisions?
Definition
CNS (Central nervous system) and
PNS (peripheral nervous system)
Term
CNS
Definition
the brain and spinal cord
Term
PNS
Definition
the rest of the NS
Term
two types of NS cells
Definition
Neurons
Supporting cells
Term
3 types of neurons (functions)
Definition
sensory neurons
motor neurons
internurons
Term
sensory neurons (another name)
Definition
afferent
Term
motor neurons (another name)
Definition
efferent
Term
what do sensory neurons do?
Definition
gather information
Term
what do the motor neurons do?
Definition
control the muscles
Term
what do inter-neurons do?
Definition
connect the sensory and motor neurons
Term
four basic structures of neurons.
what does each do?
Definition
cell body (Soma): the metabolic center
dendrites: receive synaptic messages
axon: carries the nerve impulse from the cell body to the terminal buttons
terminal bud: releases neurotransmitters
Term
3 types of neurons (structures)
Definition
Unipolar: one process leaving the soma
bipolar: two processes leaving the soma
multipolar: many processes extending from the soma
Term
what are the internal structures of the neurons?
Definition
membrane: consists of a double layer of lipid molecules, and contains proteins
cytoplasm: a jelly like substance
mitochondria: break down nutrients, provide the cells with energy
enzymes: cause molecules to join together or to be split apart
nucleus: contains chromosomes, DNA, and genes
Term
what does the membrane do?
Definition
detect chemicals outside the cell
control access to the cell
transport molecules into or out of the cell
Term
what are the two types of supporting cells?
Definition
Glia
Schwann
Term
name the two cells of the supporting CNS.
Definition
astrocytes: provide physical support, clean up debris, regulate chemicals.
oligodendrocytes: produce the myelin sheath
Term
what is the uncoated portion of axon called?
Definition
node of ranvier
Term
name two functions of the schwann cell.
Definition
provides one segment for only one axon
act as guides for regrowth after injury
Term
membrane potential
Definition
an electrical charge
Term
resting potential:
Definition
-70mV with the inside of the neuron being negative.
Term
action potential:
Definition
rapid reversal of the membrane potential from -70mV to +50mV to -70mV and overshooting the resting potential then back to -70mV
Term
Depolarization:
Definition
a reduction of the membrane potential of a neuron from its resting potential
Term
hyperpolarization:
Definition
an increase in the membrane potential of a neuron from its resting potential
Term
threshold of excitation:
Definition
the voltage level that triggers an action potential
Term
reasons for membrane potential:
Definition
force of diffusion
electrostatic pressure
intracellular fluid
extracellular fluid
the sodium potassium pump
Term
force of diffusion
Definition
the tendency for molecules or ions to distribute themselves evenly
Term
electrostatic pressure
Definition
the force exerted by ions to repel or attract eachother
Term
intracellular fluid
Definition
the fluid within the cells.
K+, A-
Term
extracellular fluid:
Definition
the fluid surrounding cells
Na+, Cl-
Term
the sodium-potassium pump
Definition
pushing 3 Na+ out of the cell for every 2 K+ pushed in
Term
ion channel
Definition
protein molecules containing passages that can open or close
Term
Voltage-dependent ion channels
Definition
channels are opened by changes in the membrane potential
Term
all-or-none law
Definition
an action potential either occurs or does not occure
Term
rate law
Definition
the rate of firing provides variable information
Term
saltatory conduction:
Definition
conduction of an action potential from node to node of ranvier down a myelinated axon
Term
what are the six structures of the synapse?
Definition
synapse
synaptic cleft
pre-synaptic membrane
post-synaptic membrane
synaptic vesicles
release zone
Term
synapse
Definition
the junction between the terminal button and the membrane of another neuron
Term
synaptic cleft
Definition
a small gap between neurons
Term
pre synaptic membrane
Definition
the membrane of the terminal button
Term
post synaptic membrane
Definition
the membrane of receiving neurons
Term
synaptic vesicles
Definition
small containers with neurotransmitter
Term
release zone
Definition
the region of the presynaptic membrane from which the neurotransmiter is released
Term
describe (in order) the release of a neuro transmiter
Definition
Ca2+ channels open by depolarization
Ca2+ flows into the neuron
Ca2+ binds wiht the cluster of protein that joins the membrane of the synaptic vesicle with the presynaptic membrane
the segments of the cluster of protein move apart producing an opening
neuro transmitter is released
Term
post-synaptic receptors
Definition
protein molecules that are form-fitted to the molecular shape of the matching neurotransmitter
Term
post-synaptic potential
Definition
a brief change in the membrane potential of the post-synaptic cell
Term
EPSP (type)
Definition
excitatory
Term
EPSP
Definition
depolarization produced by the opening of neurotransmitter-dependent Na+ or Ca2+
Term
IPSP (type)
Definition
inhibitory
Term
IPSP
Definition
hyper-polarization produced by the opening of neurotransmitter-dependent K+ or Cl- channel
Term
neural integration
Definition
the interaction of the effects of excitation and inhibitory synapses on a particular neuron
Term
reuptake
Definition
removal of neurotransmitter from the synaptic cleft by the terminal buttons
Term
enzymatic deactivation
Definition
destruction of a neurotransmitter by an enzyme (acetylcholine)
Term
autoreceptors
Definition
receptors on the terminal button that respond to the neurotransmitter and regulate the release of the neurotransmitter.
Supporting users have an ad free experience!