Term
| what are the two divisions? |
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Definition
CNS (Central nervous system) and
PNS (peripheral nervous system) |
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Term
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Definition
| the brain and spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| 3 types of neurons (functions) |
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Definition
sensory neurons
motor neurons
internurons |
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Term
| sensory neurons (another name) |
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Definition
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Term
| motor neurons (another name) |
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Definition
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Term
| what do sensory neurons do? |
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Definition
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Term
| what do the motor neurons do? |
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Definition
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Term
| what do inter-neurons do? |
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Definition
| connect the sensory and motor neurons |
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Term
four basic structures of neurons.
what does each do? |
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Definition
cell body (Soma): the metabolic center
dendrites: receive synaptic messages
axon: carries the nerve impulse from the cell body to the terminal buttons
terminal bud: releases neurotransmitters |
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Term
| 3 types of neurons (structures) |
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Definition
Unipolar: one process leaving the soma
bipolar: two processes leaving the soma
multipolar: many processes extending from the soma |
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Term
| what are the internal structures of the neurons? |
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Definition
membrane: consists of a double layer of lipid molecules, and contains proteins
cytoplasm: a jelly like substance
mitochondria: break down nutrients, provide the cells with energy
enzymes: cause molecules to join together or to be split apart
nucleus: contains chromosomes, DNA, and genes |
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Term
| what does the membrane do? |
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Definition
detect chemicals outside the cell
control access to the cell
transport molecules into or out of the cell |
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Term
| what are the two types of supporting cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| name the two cells of the supporting CNS. |
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Definition
astrocytes: provide physical support, clean up debris, regulate chemicals.
oligodendrocytes: produce the myelin sheath |
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Term
| what is the uncoated portion of axon called? |
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Definition
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Term
| name two functions of the schwann cell. |
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Definition
provides one segment for only one axon
act as guides for regrowth after injury |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| -70mV with the inside of the neuron being negative. |
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Term
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Definition
| rapid reversal of the membrane potential from -70mV to +50mV to -70mV and overshooting the resting potential then back to -70mV |
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Term
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Definition
| a reduction of the membrane potential of a neuron from its resting potential |
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Term
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Definition
| an increase in the membrane potential of a neuron from its resting potential |
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Term
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Definition
| the voltage level that triggers an action potential |
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Term
| reasons for membrane potential: |
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Definition
force of diffusion
electrostatic pressure
intracellular fluid
extracellular fluid
the sodium potassium pump |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency for molecules or ions to distribute themselves evenly |
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Term
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Definition
| the force exerted by ions to repel or attract eachother |
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Term
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Definition
the fluid within the cells.
K+, A- |
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Term
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Definition
the fluid surrounding cells
Na+, Cl- |
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Term
| the sodium-potassium pump |
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Definition
| pushing 3 Na+ out of the cell for every 2 K+ pushed in |
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Term
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Definition
| protein molecules containing passages that can open or close |
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Term
| Voltage-dependent ion channels |
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Definition
| channels are opened by changes in the membrane potential |
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Term
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Definition
| an action potential either occurs or does not occure |
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Term
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Definition
| the rate of firing provides variable information |
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Term
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Definition
| conduction of an action potential from node to node of ranvier down a myelinated axon |
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Term
| what are the six structures of the synapse? |
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Definition
synapse
synaptic cleft
pre-synaptic membrane
post-synaptic membrane
synaptic vesicles
release zone |
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Term
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Definition
| the junction between the terminal button and the membrane of another neuron |
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Term
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Definition
| a small gap between neurons |
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Term
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Definition
| the membrane of the terminal button |
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Term
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Definition
| the membrane of receiving neurons |
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Term
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Definition
| small containers with neurotransmitter |
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Term
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Definition
| the region of the presynaptic membrane from which the neurotransmiter is released |
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Term
| describe (in order) the release of a neuro transmiter |
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Definition
Ca2+ channels open by depolarization
Ca2+ flows into the neuron
Ca2+ binds wiht the cluster of protein that joins the membrane of the synaptic vesicle with the presynaptic membrane
the segments of the cluster of protein move apart producing an opening
neuro transmitter is released |
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Term
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Definition
| protein molecules that are form-fitted to the molecular shape of the matching neurotransmitter |
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Term
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Definition
| a brief change in the membrane potential of the post-synaptic cell |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| depolarization produced by the opening of neurotransmitter-dependent Na+ or Ca2+ |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| hyper-polarization produced by the opening of neurotransmitter-dependent K+ or Cl- channel |
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Term
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Definition
| the interaction of the effects of excitation and inhibitory synapses on a particular neuron |
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Term
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Definition
| removal of neurotransmitter from the synaptic cleft by the terminal buttons |
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Term
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Definition
| destruction of a neurotransmitter by an enzyme (acetylcholine) |
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Term
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Definition
| receptors on the terminal button that respond to the neurotransmitter and regulate the release of the neurotransmitter. |
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