Term
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Definition
| Statistical measure of the amount of variance in the population of particular trait can be attributed to genes. |
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Term
| Diathesis stress/dual risk |
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Definition
| Traits are brought about by a biological risk and a response to the environment, or stressor |
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Term
| Differential Susceptibility |
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Definition
| Genes make people “Plastic” to environments; risk genes in positive environments mean more benefit in socio-emotional states and more harm in poor habitats |
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Term
| Differential Facilitation |
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Definition
Differences between people genetically is best seen when all people are exposed to the same
environment |
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Term
| Social push/ vantage sensitivity |
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Definition
| Genetic differences are most evident in enriched environments, where individuals’ full genetic potential can be actualized |
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Term
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Definition
| Environments experienced by both siblings within the same family that have the SAME effect on both of them |
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Term
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Definition
| Environments that are uniquely experienced by individual sibling, or environments that are experienced by both siblings but have different effects on them |
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Term
| Differential Treatment by parents is an example of a _________ environment. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Genetically related parents provide a rearing environment that is correlated with the genotype of the child |
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Term
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Definition
| Child receives responses from others who are influenced by his/her genotype |
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Term
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Definition
| Child selectively attends to and seeks out the environments that are compatible with his/her genotype |
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Term
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Definition
| According to the "Are Jews Smarter?" article, the process by which a genetic mutation evolves in one population, but not another |
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Term
| According to the New York magazine article, research by Stephen Walkley found that humans and cats with Tay-Sachs and Niemann-Pick disease showed_______. |
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Definition
| increased dendrite growth |
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Term
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Definition
| one's evolutionary reproductive success plus the reproductive success of one's relatives (coined by Hamilton) |
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Term
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Definition
| Openness to Experience,Conscientiousness, Extroversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism |
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Term
| According to Sulloway, Later-born children show higher scores of _______ and________ than first-borns. |
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Definition
| Agreeableness; openness to experience |
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Term
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Definition
| A statistical technique that allows a researcher to pool the results of smaller studies in order to determine whether significant results apply (even if the smaller studies themselves did not find significant results) |
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Term
| The Absence of reliable birth order effects on personality is mainly due to ________, according to Judith Harris. |
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Definition
| Family-specific behavior may not transfer well to outside the family. |
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Term
| Ernst and Angst (1983) found that studies which reported significant birth order effects on personality were most likely to be those studies which were based on _________. |
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Definition
| subjective reports of people within the family |
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Term
| Esther Duflo provided poor people in Bangladesh with beneits, and these people, compared to control group: |
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Definition
| worked more hours, earned more per month, and had lower rates of deppression |
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Term
| Duflo determined the main thing keeping people in poverty is ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| High quality preschool could help _________, which is higher among middle-class kids than we often realize |
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Definition
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Term
| Preschool programs for children from low-income homes (such as Head Start)make |
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Definition
| lower risk of being in criminal justice system and less likely to be put in special ed classes |
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Term
| pruning of neuronal connections |
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Definition
| neuroscientists believe is correlated to learning |
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Term
| Mahoney, Harris, and Eccles say kids in the PSID-CDS cohort spend ___ hours per week on extracurricular activities |
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Definition
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Term
| Disadvantage to White youth participating in 20 hours (or more) of organized activities per week |
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Definition
| spending less time in organized activities with parents |
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Term
| Critique of Mahoney et. al's over-scheduling hypothesis |
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Definition
| they did not compare the 20 hours/week-organized-activity kids to those in intermediate levels of organized-activity/week (rather than to 0/hours per week kids) |
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Term
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Definition
| Attempt to explain complex, higher level phenomena (e.g., behavior) by appeal to lower, more fundamental level things/phenomena |
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Term
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Definition
| We cannot capture the essence of something by reducing it and the whole is greater than the sum of its parts |
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Term
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Definition
| event which is directly responsible for causing some observed result. The "how" it happened |
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Term
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Definition
| the deeper, underlying reason for why an event occurred |
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Term
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Definition
| Most genes are involved in multiple functions; infinite number of gene combinations that could result in a multitude of genetically-influenced traits |
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Term
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Definition
| when the phenotypic expression of one gene is affected by activity (or lack thereof) in other genes. |
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Term
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Definition
| extent to which a diagnosis (e.g., dyslexia, schizophrenia) is shared by people of various degrees of generic relatedness |
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Term
| Niche-picking/de-identification |
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Definition
| Older children will identify with parents and become more like them; later-borns recognize the favored place occupied by the oldest, and opt for a different path to reduce competition for resources |
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Term
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Definition
| Sonata for Two Pianos in D Major boosted spatial I.Q. in undergraduates (Rauscher, Shaw, & Ky, 1993), but effect only lasted 10-15 mins |
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Term
| Long-term effects of Piano |
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Definition
| Better spacial reasoning in preschoolers and if prenatal- better visual tracking, facial imitation, babbling during first 6 months of life |
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Term
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Definition
| Skills subject to critical periods (vision, motor skills) |
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Term
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Definition
| individually-oriented or culturally bound skills not subject to critical periods |
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Term
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Definition
| Nature gives us a "window of opportunity" to learn certain skills (use it or lose it) |
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Term
| Emotional Development Critical Period |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| In language, there is a critical period for syntax and grammar but not for ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Ways to promote giftedness |
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Definition
| Breastfeeding, talk, social-emotional development, physical activity |
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Term
| Renzulli Model of giftedness |
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Definition
| Above average ability, high level of task commitment, and creativity |
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Term
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Definition
(1) linguistic
(2) musical
(3) logical- mathematical
(4) spatial
(5) bodily- kinesthetic
(6) interpersonal(EQ)
(7) intra- personal
(8) *Possibly naturalistic |
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Term
| Results of delaying school start time by an hour |
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Definition
| Increase in attendance, grades increased slightly, fewer teen car crashes |
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Term
| In the British cohort (McCulloch & Josh 2002)_______ accounted for most of low test scores |
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Definition
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Term
| Long-term advantages of Head start |
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Definition
| less likely to repeat a grade, lower crime rates, possibly higher earnings in 20s |
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Term
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Definition
| less involved in 5th grade math and science activities |
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Term
| Woman choose not to go into science fields with heavy ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| According to Pinker, in general, men value _________ while women value_________. |
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Definition
| careers; personal/family life |
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Term
| According to Pinker, characteristics of men |
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Definition
| willingness to work 50-70 hours per week, skill in mental rotation,higher mathematical reasoning based on standardized test scores |
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Term
| contextual sex differences |
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Definition
| Competitive nature of testing situations favors boys; causes discrepancy with less competitive situation of classwork, which favors girls (Niederle & Vesterlund, 2010) |
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Term
| Difference between Asperger's and Autism |
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Definition
| higher IQ and language functioning in Asperger's |
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Term
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Definition
| lacking information about other people's intentions, feelings, and thoughts |
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