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Definition
| Changes in existing ways of thinking that occur in response to encounters with new stimuli or events ( Ch. 3) |
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Definition
| The capacity to understand the world, think rationally, and use resources effec-tively when faced with challenges |
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Definition
| Research in which the behavior of one or more study participants is measured as they age |
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Definition
| The typical intelligence level found for people of a given chronological age |
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Term
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Definition
| A person’s age according to the calendar ( Ch. 3) |
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Definition
| A score that ex-presses the ratio between a person’s mental and chronological ages ( Ch. 3) |
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Definition
| The pattern of enduring character-istics that differentiate people— the behaviors that make each adolescent a unique individual ( Ch. 4) |
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Term
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Definition
| Enduring dimensions of personality char-acteristics along which adolescents differ ( Ch. 4) |
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Term
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Definition
| Research in which adolescents of different ages are compared at the same point in time ( Ch. 1) |
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Term
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Definition
| An approach in which re-searchers examine a number of different age groups at several points in time ( Ch. 1) |
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Term
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Definition
| The understanding of what another individual feels ( Ch. 4) |
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Term
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Definition
| The affective component of self, an individual’s general and specific positive and negative self- evaluations ( Ch. 5) |
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Term
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Definition
| Feelings that have both physiological and cognitive elements and that influence behav-ior ( Ch. 4) |
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Term
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Definition
| The development and expression of independence ( Ch. 6) |
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Term
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Definition
| The positive emotional bond that develops between a child and particular, special individuals ( Ch. 6) |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability to overcome circum-stances that place adolescents at high risk for psy-chological or physical damage |
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Term
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Definition
| Psychologist G. Stanley Hall’s theory that adolescence could be charac-terized in a fundamental way as a period of ex-traordinary turbulence, filled with mood swings and upheaval ( Ch. 1) |
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Term
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Definition
| A research- based approach to the study of adolescence that evolved from the work of psychologist G. Stanley Hall ( Ch. 1) |
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Term
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Definition
| The theory proposed by Freud that suggests that unconscious forces act to determine personality and behavior ( Ch. 1) |
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Term
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Definition
| According to Freud, a series of stages that children pass through in which pleasure, or gratification, is focused on a particular biological function and body part ( Ch. 1) |
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Term
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Definition
| The approach that sug-gests that the keys to understanding development are observable behavior and outside stimuli in the environment ( Ch. 1) |
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Term
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Definition
| The approach that fo-cuses on the processes that allow people to know, understand, and think about the world ( Ch. 1) |
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Term
| information processing approaches |
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Definition
| The model that seeks to identify the ways individuals take in, use, and store information ( Ch. 1) |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of posing and answering questions using careful, controlled techniques that include systematic, orderly ob-servation and the collection of data ( Ch. 1) |
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Term
| psychodynamic perspective |
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Definition
| The approach that states behavior is motivated by inner forces, mem-ories, and conflicts that are generally beyond peo-ple’s awareness and control ( Ch. 1) |
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Term
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Definition
| The predetermined unfolding of genetic information ( Ch. 1) |
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Term
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Definition
| the group of people born at around the same time in the same place. |
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Term
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Definition
| The period of maturation during which the sexual organs mature ( Ch. 2) |
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Term
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Definition
| The approach that considers the relationship between individuals and their physical, cognitive, personality, and so-cial worlds ( Ch. 1) |
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Term
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Definition
| The approach that em-phasizes how cognitive development proceeds as a result of social interactions between members of a culture ( Ch. 1) |
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Term
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Definition
| The approach that seeks to identify behavior that is the result of our genetic inheritance from our ancestors ( Ch. 1) |
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Term
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Definition
| A chemical communication network that sends messages throughout the body via the bloodstream ( Ch. 2) |
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Term
| primary sex characteristics |
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Definition
| Characteristics that are associated with the development of the organs and structures of the body that directly re-late to reproduction ( Ch. 2) |
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Term
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Definition
| A statistical tendency observed over several generations |
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Term
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Definition
| The process in which people un-derstand an experience in terms of their current stage of cognitive development and way of think-ing ( |
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Term
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Definition
| Gradual development in which achievements at one level build on those of previous levels ( Ch. 1) |
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Term
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Definition
| Social policy: A national, state, or local govern-mental response designed to improve the welfare of citizens ( |
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Term
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Definition
| A period of very rapid growth in height and weight where males grow 4.1 inches a year and females 3.5 inches a year ( Ch. 2) |
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Term
| secondary sex characteristic |
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Definition
| The visible signs of sexual maturity that do not involve the sex or-gans directly ( Ch. 2) |
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Term
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Definition
| Formal operational stage: The stage at which people develop the ability to think abstractly ( Ch. 3) |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability to deal with new problems and situations ( |
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Term
| crystallized intelligence |
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Definition
| The store of infor-mation, skills, and strategies that people have ac-quired through education and prior experiences and through their previous use of fluid intelli-gence ( Ch. 3) |
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Term
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Definition
| Intelligence that is learned primarily by observing others and mod-eling their behavior ( Ch. 3) |
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Term
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Definition
| A test designed to determine a person’s level of knowledge in a given subject area ( |
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Term
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Definition
| A test designed to predict a per-son’s ability in a particular area or line of work ( Ch. 3) |
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Term
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Definition
| A state of self- ab-sorption in which the world is viewed from one’s own point of view ( Ch. 3) |
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Term
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Definition
| Patterns of arousal and emo-tionality that are consistent and enduring ( Ch. 4) |
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Term
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Definition
| Changes in one’s sense of justice and of what is right and wrong and in our behavior related to moral issues ( Ch. 4) |
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Term
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Definition
| Parents who provide lax and inconsistent feedback and require little of their children ( Ch. 6) |
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Term
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Definition
| Sex segregation in which boys in-teract primarily with boys and girls primarily with girls ( |
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