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| searches for evidence that the unwanted thought is about to intrude on consciousness |
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| effortful, conscious attempt to distract oneself by finding something else to think of |
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| If people are tired or preoccupied |
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| fact that people usually have too much confidence in the accuracy of their judgments |
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| mentally changing some aspect of the past as a way of imagining what might have been |
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| type of thinking in which people focus on the properties of objects without considering their surrounding context |
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| Type of thinking in which people focus on the overall context, particularly the ways in which objects relate to each other |
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| Representativeness heuristic |
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| Mental shortcut we use to classify something according to how similar it is to a typical case |
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| Information about the relative frequency of members of different categories in the population |
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| basing a judgment on the ease with which you can bring something to mind |
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| extent to which schemas and concepts are at the forefront of the mind and therefore likely to be used when making judgments about the social world |
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| the study of how we form impressions of other people and how we make inferences about them |
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| These respond when we perform an action and when we see someone else perform the same action; appear to be the basis of the ability to feel empathy |
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| to express nonverbal behavior, such as smiling or patting on the back |
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| To interpret the meaning of the nonverbal behavior other people express, such as deciding that a pat on the back was an expression of condescension rather than kindness |
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| facial expression in which one part of the face registers one emotion while another part of the face registers a different emotion |
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| particular to each culture and dictate what kinds of emotion expressions are supposed to show |
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| Gestures with clear, well-understood definitions |
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Term
| Implicit Personality Theory |
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| Consists of our ideas about what kinds of personality traits go together |
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| Study of how we infer the causes of other people's behavior |
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| You will examine multiple instances of behavior, occurring at different times and in different situations, to answer quesitons |
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| refers to how people behave toward the same stimulus; ex. do people often yell at Hannah? |
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| Distinctiveness information |
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Definition
| refers to how the actor (the person whose behavior we are trying to explain) responds to other stimuli; ex. does the boss yell at other employees? |
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| consensus, distinctiveness, consistency |
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Definition
| Kelley's three types of information |
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| refers to the frequency with which the observed behavior between the same actor and the same stimulus occurs across time and circumstances |
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| idea that people do what they do because of the kind of people they are, not because of the situation they are in |
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| Seeming importance of information that is the focus of people's attention |
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| Actor/observer difference |
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| tendency to see other people's behavior as dispositionally caused but focusing more on the role of situational factors when explaining one's own behavior |
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| explanations for one's successes that credit internal, dispositional factors and for one's failures that blame external situational factors |
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| explanations for behavior that avoid feelings of vulnerability and morality |
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| Form of defensive attribution wherein people assume that bad things happen to bad people and good things happen to good people |
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| Feeling of discomfort caused by performing an action that runs counter to one's customary conception of oneself |
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Term
1. Changing our behavior to be consistent with the dissonance
2. Attempt to justify our behavior through changing one of the dissonant cognitions
3. Attempting to justify our behavior by adding new cognitions |
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Definition
| 3 ways to reduce dissonance |
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| People overestimate the intensity and duration of their negative emotional reactions |
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| tendency for individuals to increase their liking for something they have worked hard to attain |
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| Reason or an explanation for dissonant personal behavior that resides outside the individual |
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| reduction of dissonance by changing something about oneself (i.e. an attitude or behavior) |
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Term
| Counterattitudinal advocacy |
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| stating an opinion or attitude that runs counter to one's private belief or attitude |
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| We tend to ignore logical thought and instead pay attention to what we have been repeatedly told |
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