Term
| different growth rates of the eye (general) |
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Definition
- 3/4 of normal adult size for newborns
- grow rapidly the 1st yr, and rapid but decelerating rate until 3rd yr
- after 3rd yr grow at very very slow rate
- overal the shape of the ye becomes more clearly spherical w/ growth |
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Term
| growth rates of the front part of the eye |
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Definition
- relatively large at birth
- grows less than the structuers in the back of the eye |
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Term
| growth rate of the cornea |
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Definition
- large at birth, reaches mature size at about 2 years
- tends to flatten with age |
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Term
growth rate of the fovea
(small pit near the center of the retina) |
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Definition
- changes rapidly during the first year
- area of the eye that provides teh sharpest vision |
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Term
| Is there a difference between boys & girls in skeletal ossification at birth? |
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Definition
- ossification: as the baby grows, minerals & other substances are added to the cartilage so that it hardens into bones & is less flexible
- yes, on avg girls are more typically advanced in sk. ossif. than boys at birth
- the sex difference tends to increase w/ age b/c female infants mature @ faster rate |
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Term
| How do the feet of the newborn compare to those of older children? |
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Definition
- proportionately longer & thinner than those of older children
- chubbier/wider than older children
- bottom appears flat b/c of external fullness of the foot pad |
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Term
| What are deciduous teeth? |
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Definition
| the first set (inlcudes 20 teeth) that are referred to as primary (or deciduous) teeth |
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Term
| Experience-expectant development |
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Definition
- when the newborns brain sets up special synaptic connections
- anticipate & expect certain experiences in the process of development (such as the sound of the human voice)
- brain pathways are ready & waiting for something to happen (e.g. visual or motor activity) w/i a given time period |
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Term
| Experience-dependent development |
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Definition
- when the brain is wired through experiences when a child is exposed to unique stimulation
- brain is NOT prewired to expect certain experiences in order to maintain connections already established
- the formation & maintenance of new brain connections needed for the brain to function @ its max capacity is dependent upon the stimulation to which an individual is exposed throughout the formative years |
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Term
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Definition
-spinal cord
-brain stem
-cerebral cortex |
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Term
| what does the brain stem contain? |
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Definition
- midbrain (top)
- pons (middle)
- medulla (base)
controls blinking, sucking, breathing, and sleeping |
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Term
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Definition
| visual functioning (back of brain) |
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Term
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Definition
| hearing/speech functioning (bottom of brain) |
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Term
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Definition
| spacial perception functioning (top of brain) |
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Term
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Definition
| motor skills functioning (front of brain) |
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Term
| what is the first cortical area to begin maturing? |
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Definition
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Term
| what functions mature first in the primary motor area? |
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Definition
| touch first, then primary visual, then auditory areas |
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Term
| frontal cortex begin maturing? |
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Definition
| between 7 & 9 months; continues more gradually into 2nd year & beyond |
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Term
| rates of brain growth in infancy |
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Definition
- rate of growth in brain slower in 2nd yr than in 1st
- in 2nd, accelerated myelination w/i cerebral cortex, between cortex & brain stem
- results in greater synchrony of brain centers |
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Term
| what happens in brain development toward the end of infancy? |
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Definition
- neuronal branching in cortex approach adult levels
- various areas of brain reach similar levels of development
- brain has attained 50% of adult weight
- by time kid is 6, brain has grown to 90% of its full weight |
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