Term
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Definition
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Term
| Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale - IV |
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Definition
Mean = 100, Standard Deviation = 15
IQ of 70 |
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Term
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Definition
Two Standard Deviations Below The Mean
1% of the population |
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Term
| Mental Retardation Diagnostic Criteria |
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Definition
1.)Low Intellectual Functioning
-I.Q. Less Than Or Equal to 70
2.)Deficits In At Least Two Domains Of Adaptive Behavior |
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Term
| What are the domains of adaptive behavior? |
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Definition
1.)Self Care (Brush your teeth, shower)
2.)Communication (your able to express your needs to others)
3.)Social Skills (making eye contact, ability to start and maintain a conversation, being polite)
4.)Use of Community Resources (use of the bus system) |
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Term
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Definition
1.)IQ: 50/55-70
2.)Can Learn Academic Skills Up To 6th Grade
3.)Social Learning (you learn from your environment)
4.)Social Conformity
5.)Awareness of Differences |
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Term
| Moderate Mental Retardation |
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Definition
1.)IQ: 35/40-50/55
2.)Can Learn Academic Skills Up To 2nd Grade
3.)Trainable In Social And Occupational Skills (with lots of practice, piece work)
4.)Independent Behavior In Familiar Environments (If they are placed in a different setting they will have a hard time finding their way around, they would not be independent) |
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Term
| Severe Mental Retardation |
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Definition
1.)IQ: 20/25 – 35/40
2.)Can Learn To Talk or communicate
3.)Can Learn Basic Self Care
-Toileting
Feeding
Comb Hair
Brush Teeth |
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Term
| Profound Mental Retardation |
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Definition
1.)IQ: Below 20/25
2.)Some Motor Development May Be Present
3.)May Respond To Training In Self care Skills |
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Term
| What percentage of the population has Mental Retardardation? |
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Definition
| 1% of population Has Mental Retardation |
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Term
| Is Mental Retardation more common in Males or Females? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Also known as Trisomy 21
-Mild to Moderate MR
-Early Dementia
a genetic condition in which a person has 47 chromosomes instead of the usual 46 |
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Term
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Definition
Also known as PKU
Gene X Environment Interaction
Fetus/Person Unable To Use Phenylalanine, An Amino Acid In many Foods
Increased Phenylalanine Level Causes Neural Damage/MR |
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Term
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Definition
common in Jewish families
(Not on slides but in book) it causes a relentless deterioration of mental and physical abilities that commences around six months of age and usually results in death by the age of four |
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Term
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Definition
genetic slide: X chromosome does have a distinct X look to it, it looks busted up.
Severe MR, Especially in males |
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Term
| Origins of Mental Retardation Environmental Origins |
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Definition
Problems During Gestation
Problems During Delivery
Problems During Early Development |
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Term
| Problems During Gestation |
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Definition
Substances/ Toxins
Alcohol
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
1 in 1000 births
Mild to Severe MR
Physical Characteristics If Mom Drank In 1st Trimester
Cognitive Deficits Possible If Mom Drank In Any Trimester
Cocaine
Increased MR Rates
Reduced Head Circumference And Reduced Birth Weight
Maternal Infection During Gestation
Maternal Infection During Gestation
Rubella (German Measles) During 1st Trimester |
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Term
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Definition
Infections
Anoxia
Brain Injury During Birth (Forceps) |
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Term
| Problems During Early Development |
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Definition
Poor Nutrition
Poor Nurturing
“Failure To Thrive” Children
Impaired Cognitive and Physical Development In Kids Who Receive Little Nurturance |
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Term
| Treatments for Mental Retardation |
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Definition
Education
Behavioral Treatment |
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Term
| Treatments for Mental Retardation: Education |
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Definition
Mainstreaming vs. Special Schooling
Special Schooling |
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Term
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Definition
Mainstreaming
Including Children With Cognitive And Physical Impairments In Mainstream Classrooms
Public Law 94-142
Passed In Early 1970s
States That Special Needs Children Must Be Educated With Their Normal Peers To the greatest Extent Possible
Practical Limit Of Mainstreaming = 1:1 Teaching Aide |
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Term
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Definition
Lower Student – Teacher Ratio
Only Disabled Children In the classroom |
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Term
What does Behavioral Treatment
target? (4) |
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Definition
Targets
1.)Motor Development (e.g., Button your coat)
2.)Language Development (e.g., Functional Language First)
3.)Social Development (Social Introduction, Social Perception)
4.)Cognitive Development |
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Term
| What are the strategies used in behavioral treatment of MR? (4) |
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Definition
1.)Positive Reinforcement (Reward) For Desired Behaviors
2.)Negative Punishment (Punishment) For Undesirable Behaviors
3.)Parent Training (A-B-C, Task Analysis, R+, P-)
4.)Direct Reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) |
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Term
| Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD) Common Features |
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Definition
1.)Severe Impairments In Socialization.
2.)Severe Impairments In Communication
3.)Unusual Behaviors , Activities , And/Or Interests.
Example:
Autism/Asbergers |
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Term
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Definition
Occurs Only In Females!
Incidence: 1 in 10,000.
Onset: 5 months to 4 years.
Loss of Motor Skills (Handholding And Impaired Gait) -- they have tremors & disturbed walking
Severe Language Impairments |
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Term
| What is the onset of Rett's Disorder? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the incidence of Rett's Disorder? |
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Definition
| 1 in 10,000 ONLY in females |
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Term
| Childhood Disintegrative Disorder |
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Definition
Occurs In Males & Females.
Incidence: 1 in 10,000.
Onset: 2 to 20 years.
Severely Impaired Communication*
Severely Impaired Socialization*
Unusual Behaviors, Activities, And/Or Interests*
Loss Of Bowel & Bladder Control.
Impaired Motor Coordination |
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Term
| What is the onset of Childhood Disintegrative Disorder? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two areas that an individual with Childhood Disintegrative Disorder are severely impaired? |
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Definition
Severely Impaired Communication
Severely Impaired Socialization |
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Term
| Autistic Disorder Onset of symptoms? |
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Definition
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Term
| Incidence in Autistic Disorder? |
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Definition
| 2-5 in 10,000 (4 Males: 1 Female) |
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Term
| Severe Impairment In Socialization Esp. seen in Autistic Disorder? (7) |
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Definition
1. Lack Of Reciprocal Facial Gestures: humans & monkeys have this natural tendency
2. Avoidance of Eye Contact: can be trained as young kids
3. Impaired Peer Relations (Profound Asociality): social relatedness (excitement)
4. Lacking Awareness of Others (Theory Of Mind): extreme self centeredness: “what they know is known by others”
* doesn’t develop until age 4 in normal children
5. Lack Of Sharing Of Interests/Achievements
6.Lack Of Social/Emotional Reciprocity
7. Impaired Emotion Recognition: facial expressions, voice tone, & gestures |
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Term
| Severe Impairment In Communication seen esp. in Autistic Disorder (4) |
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Definition
1.)Delayed Language: 3-4 years maybe until 10; they may use a communication board
2.)Inability To Maintain A Conversation: they’re like a stereotypical professor, they lecture to you
3.)Stereotyped Language (Echolalia, Pronoun Reversal)
4.)Lack Of Pretend Play: if they can’t do this w/adults they cant do that w/toys |
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Term
| Unusual Behaviors, Activities, Or Interests seen in Autistic Disorder (3) |
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Definition
1.)Obsessive Preoccupations
2.)Inflexibly Adherence To Nonfunctional Routines (Need For Sameness): rigid need & scheduled
3.)Stereotyped Motor Behaviors (Hand Flapping, Hand Gazing, Grimacing) |
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Term
| What are the four Features Associated With Autism? |
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Definition
1.)Aggression: b/c they’re frustrated since they can’t communicate effectively
This often causes the kid to be out of the home
2.)Self Injurious Behaviors
3.)Toileting Delays
4.)Self Stimulatory Behaviors |
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