Term
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Definition
| socially shared code or system for representing concepts through the use of arbitrary symbols and rule governed combinations of those symbols |
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Term
| characteristics all languages share |
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Definition
rule driven symbolic system, arbitrary
generative-can produce unlimited new meanings
inherently social in nature |
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Term
| 5 structural components of language |
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Definition
syntax
morphology
phonology
semantics
pragmatics |
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Term
| other formsof communication |
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Definition
nonlinguistic
paralinguistic |
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Term
| nonlinguistic communication |
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Definition
no language required
gestures, posture, facial expressions |
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Term
| paralinguistic communication |
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Definition
paired with language but not actual language
prosody/intonation |
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Term
| theories of language development |
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Definition
behavioral
nativist
social cognitive |
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Term
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Definition
behavior is modified by consequences of the behavior
language is learned by positive and negative reinforcement, shaping, and imitation |
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Term
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Definition
| language as a special, innate capacity |
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Term
| Chomsky's theory of language acquisition |
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Definition
| study of language is the study of the mind |
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Term
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Definition
language acquisition device
coined by Chomsky
mental faculty that underlies the human ability to acquire language |
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Term
| critical period hypothesis |
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Definition
| there is a biologically determined period during which language acquisition must occur |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| 2 divisions of nervous system |
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Definition
central nervous system
peripheral nervous system |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| peripheral nervous system |
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Definition
| nerves outside brain and spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
nucleus
dendrites
axon
terminal buttons |
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Term
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Definition
cerebrum-processing and formulating
cerebellum-balance, coordination, walking
brainstem-automatic body function, reticular formation (sensory input) |
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Term
| divisions of cerebral hemishpheres |
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Definition
frontal lobe
temporal lobe
parietal lobe
occipital lobe |
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Term
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Definition
analytic sequential
language, math, logic, speed related movements |
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Term
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Definition
holistic
visualspatial processing
face recognition
speech prosody
linguistics
music |
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Term
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Definition
primary auditory area
differentiates linguistic from non-linguistic info |
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Term
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Definition
anterior to motor cortex
close to area for tongue and lips |
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Term
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Definition
left temporal lobe
organizes and monitors speech
interprets and recognizes speech of others |
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Term
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Definition
motherese
speech mothers use when talking to infants and young children
higher pitch, wider pitch range, longer pauses, shorter phrases |
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Term
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Definition
familiar routines
provide scripts or scaffolds that have slots for infant behavior and help child interpret event |
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Term
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Definition
| each other and a shared object become focus |
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Term
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Definition
| idiosyncratic sound sequence that children use with consistent meaning but which is not clearly derived from a word in the target language |
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Term
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Definition
| word learning constraint according to which children assume that a new word refers to a whole object, not to a part or property of that object |
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Term
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Definition
| word learning constraint according to which children assume that objects can have only a single name |
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Term
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Definition
| people use words to refer to and represent other entities |
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Term
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Definition
| there is some similarity, often some shared perceptual attributes, that enables use of one symbol for more than one referent |
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Term
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Definition
| children expect meanings to be expressed by others in consistent conventional forms |
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Term
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Definition
different words have different meanings
can allow for multiple labels |
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Term
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Definition
word from the categories of a noun, verb, adjective, or adverb
new words can be coined and added to these categories of language |
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Term
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Definition
words from the categories of determinants, auxiliaries, and prepositions
serve specific functions
new words cant be added to these categories |
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Term
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Definition
typical of 2 yr olds, includes primarily content words rather than morphemes and determiners
sound like sentences used in writing telegrams |
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Term
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Definition
mean length of utterance
common measure of grammatical development
average length of utterances counted in number of morphemes |
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Term
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Definition
using words with a range of meanings narrower than the meaning of the word in the target language
(using car to refer only to cars seen from a window) |
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Term
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Definition
error in childrens early word usage that seems to reflect an overly inclusive meaning in the mind of the child
(all four legged animals-doggie) |
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Term
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Definition
| words and word endings that mark grammatical relations such as articles, prepositions, auxiliary verbs, and noun and verb endings |
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Term
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Definition
| development of communicative functions or uses of language |
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Term
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Definition
childs assumption that words label categories of things of the same kind
word learning constraint that helps children learn the meaning of new words |
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Term
| decontextualized language |
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Definition
| words stand on their own without support from the nonlinguistic context |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| style of language use associated with a particular social setting |
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Term
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Definition
| regional or social varieties of language |
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Term
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Definition
| two cultural languages coming together |
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Term
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Definition
| two generations of pidgin users |
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Term
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Definition
language is necassary for thought
two versions:
linguistic determinism(strong version)
linguistic relativity(weak version) |
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Term
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Definition
language determins thought
learning language changes how a person thinks |
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Term
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Definition
speakers of different languages percieve and experience the world differently
cognitive systems are different in speakers of different languages |
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Term
| participating in conversation |
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Definition
turnabouts
shading
back channel
discourse markers |
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