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PSY 305 Exam 2 Terms
review of terms
82
Psychology
Undergraduate 3
10/03/2012

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Term
style of life
Definition
Adler's theory; a person's consistent way of striving
Term
Ruling Type
Definition
Adler personality type in which one seeks to dominate others, actively confront others; marked by deprecation complex
Term
Deprecation complex
Definition
Unhealthy way of seeking superiority by belittling others
Term
Getting type
Definition
Adler personality type that leans on others; dependent; passive; susceptible to depression
Term
Avoiding type
Definition
Adler personality type that tries not to deal with problems, thereby avoiding possibility of defeat
Term
Socially useful type
Definition
Adler personality type that is well adjusted
Term
Pampering
Definition
parental behavior in which a child is overindulged or spoiled
Term
Neglect
Definition
Parental behavior in which a child's needs are not met
Term
Family constellation
Definition
Configuration of family members, including the number of birth and order of siblings
Term
Social interest
Definition
innate potential to live cooperatively with others
Term
work, love & social interaction
Definition
Adler's three tasks of life
Term
Love
Definition
essential task of life that refers to sexual relationships and marriage
Term
Social interaction
Definition
Life task that refers to "the problems of communal life"
Term
Individual education
Definition
Adler's idea that has helped children achieve personal growth in school; fosters their social interest
Term
change thinking, emotion, and behavior through progressive stages
Definition
Alderian theory aims to...
Term
Psychosocial
Definition
Erikson's approach to development
Term
Epigenetic Principle
Definition
principle for psychosocial development based on a biological model, in which parts emerge in order of increasing diferentiation
Term
Syntonic element
Definition
Strength
Term
Dystonic element
Definition
Weakness
Term
Basic trust
Definition
sense that others are dependable and will provide what is needed
Term
Autonomy
Definition
Positive pole of the second psychological stage
Term
Autonomy v. Guilt
Definition
Stage that children learn shame
Term
Negative identity
Definition
identity based on socially devalued rules
Term
Identity foreclosure
Definition
Inadequate resolution of the fifth psychosocial stage, in which an identity is accepted without adequate explanation
Term
Moratorium
Definition
Period provided by society when a teenager is sufficiently free of commitments to be able to explore identity; also, a stage of identity development when such exploration is occurring before identity achievement
Term
Fidelity
Definition
the ability to sustain loyalties freely pledged in spite of the inevitable contradictions of value systems
Term
Distantation
Definition
The readiness to repudiate, to isolate, and if necessary to destroy those forces and people whose essence seems dangerous to one's own
Term
Stagnation
Definition
Not being able to fully involved in caring for others in a nurturing way
Term
Gerotranscendence
Definition
ninth stage of psychosocial development referring to the very elderly
Term
Hope
Definition
fundamental conviction in the trustworthiness of the world; the basic virtue developed during the first psychosocial stage
Term
Will/will power
Definition
Found in the autonomy v. shame stage; conviction that what one wants to happen can happen
Term
Purpose
Definition
Orientation to attain goals through striving; developed during the third stage
Term
Competence
Definition
Sense of workmanship, of perfecting skills; developing during fourth stage
Term
Fidelity
Definition
Ability to sustain loyalties freely pledged; developed during fifth stage
Term
Love
Definition
Ability to form an intimate mutual relationship with another person; developed during intimacy v. isolation
Term
Care
Definition
Ability to nurture the development of the next generation
Term
Wisdom
Definition
mature sense of meaningfulness and wholeness of experience
Term
Rituals
Definition
cultural practice or tradition that supports ego strengths
Term
Ritualisms
Definition
An individual's maladaptive repetitive actions intended to make up for weak aspects of ego development
Term
Psuedospeciation
Definition
Exaggerated sense of many groups, especially national and ethnic groups, that they are different from others, leading to conflict among groups
Term
Identity Achievement
Definition
Status representing development during the fifth (teenage) stage
Term
Identity diffusion
Definition
Negative pole of the fifth stage
Term
Identity Achieved
Definition
Clear, consistent personality, productive
Term
Moratorium
Definition
Philosophically concerned, rebellious, nonconforming
Term
Identity diffusion
Definition
Unpredictable; reluctant to act
Term
Foreclosure
Definition
Conventional; moralistic
Term
Unconscious
Definition
Like Freud, Horney believed that the ____________ was very important.
Term
Basic anxiety
Definition
Feeling of isolation and helplessness resulting from inadequate parenting in infancy
Term
Basic hostility
Definition
Feeling of anger by the young child toward parents, which must be repressed
Term
Moving toward, moving against, moving away
Definition
3 interpersonal orientations for children
Term
Moving toward
Definition
Interpersonal orientation emphasizing dependency
Term
Moving against
Definition
Interpersonal orientation emphasizing hostility
Term
Moving away
Definition
Interpersonal orientation emphasizing separateness from others
Term
Self-effacing solution
Definition
Attempting to solve neurotic conflict by seeking love; moving toward people
Term
Expansive solution
Definition
Attempting to solve neurotic conflict by seeking mastery; moving against people
Term
Resignation solution
Definition
Attempting to solve neurotic conflict by seeking freedom; moving away from people
Term
Compliant types
Definition
Turn to others for love and protection that they lacked in childhood; they are careful not to alienate anyone
Term
Aggressive types
Definition
Children with unmet needs could grow up to to be this type if they display mastery of tasks and the need to have power over others
Term
Detached personality type
Definition
People who try to give up on solving the problem of basic anxiety through love or power
Term
Adequate aggressiveness
Definition
The healthy way to be aggressive; more assertive than aggressive
Term
Eclipsing the conflict, detachment, idealized self & externalization
Definition
four major strategies that neurotics use to resolve basic anxiety between hostility and helplessness
Term
Eclipsing the conflict
Definition
A way of dealing with hostility by turning dependently toward others or emphasizing hostility toward others
Term
Detachment
Definition
Adjustment strategy for neurotics that is more powerful than eclipsing the conflict
Term
Idealized self
Definition
Image of what a person wishes to be
Term
Real self
Definition
Vital, unique center of the self, which has growth potential
Term
Actual self
Definition
What a person really is at a given time, seen objectively
Term
Tyranny of the souls
Definition
Inner demands to live up to the idealized self
Term
Externalization
Definition
Defense mechanism in which conflicts are projected outside
Term
Blind spots
Definition
Secondary adjustment technique in which a person is unaware of behavior inconsistent with their idealized self-image
Term
Compartmentalization
Definition
Secondary adjustment technique in which incompatible behaviors are not simultaneously recognized
Term
Rationalization
Definition
Secondary adjustment technique in which a person explains behaviors in socially acceptable ways
Term
Excessive self-control
Definition
Secondary adjustment technique in which emotions are avoided
Term
Arbitrary rightness
Definition
secondary adjustment technique in which a person rigidly declares that his or her own view is correct
Term
Elusivenses
Definition
Secondary adjustment technique in which a person avoids commitment to any opinion or action
Term
Cynicism
Definition
Secondary adjustment technique in which the moral values of society are rejected
Term
Social role theory
Definition
culture defines what is masculine and what is feminine
Term
Womb envy
Definition
Men's envy of women's reproductive capacity
Term
Dismissing attachment
Definition
A person minimizes the emotions and thoughts connected with attachment difficulties; this can predispose teens to drug use and disorderly conduct and is more common in males
Term
Preoccupied attachment
Definition
emphasize emotions and lead to affective disorders such as depression; more common in women
Term
Avoidantly attached
Definition
This type of attachment is defined as having difficulty trusting others and avoid becoming dependent or too close to others
Term
Anxious-ambivalently attached
Definition
This type of attachment is defined as worrying about not being loved enough and wanting to be close with others, but reluctant to get close
Term
Fictional Finalism
Definition
In Adler's theory, the image of the goal
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