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| first Psych Lab opened in 1879 by Wilhelm Wundt in Germany |
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| study of functions of living things |
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| study of how we know and what we know |
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| proposed the brain as seat of sensations and center of intellect |
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| Greek physician, concluded the front part of the brain/cerebrum invovlved sensations and memeries, and back/cerebellum makes movements |
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| fluid filled spaces within brain |
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| first Psych Lab opened in 1879 by Wilhelm Wundt in Germany |
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| study of functions of living things |
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| study of how we know and what we know |
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| proposed the brain as seat of sensations and center of intellect |
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| Greek physician, concluded the front part of the brain/cerebrum invovlved sensations and memeries, and back/cerebellum makes movements |
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| fluid filled spaces within brain |
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| 1780's, electric charges in nerves and muscles caused movements and life |
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| phenomenon of electricity causing movements (inspired Mary Shelley's Frankenstein 1818) |
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| discovered bacteria 1676, improving microscropes, understanding of CELLS |
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| physiologists, nervous system "psychophysics" , "Doctrine of Specific Nerve Energies" |
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| study of relationship between intensity of physical stimulus and subjective psychological perceptio |
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| changes that occur during childhood and adolescence. |
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| interpersonal behavior, how people think, act feel or behave |
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| human and animal research concerned processes of sensation, perception, learning and memory |
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| physiological psychology, |
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| underlying biologically and chemically based mechanisms underlying psychological phenomena *behavioral neuroscience* |
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| complex psych. reasoning, problem solving, creativity |
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| consistency in individual's beliefs attitudes and behaviors across a VARIETY of times and conditions |
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| studies and develops theory, techniques and tools of psychological measurements |
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| phenomenological perspective |
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| /humanistica, Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow; people are basically good |
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| psychoanalytic perspective |
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| sigmund freud, people unconsciously function primarily on pleasure principle |
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| how perceptions lead to psychological disorders, perfection--->depression |
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| mental and psychological traits as the result of natural selection |
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| behaviors and their repetition are foundation of learning, adaptation and psychological states |
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| brain and genetics are source of psychological traits |
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| "Elements of Psychophysics" 1860, |
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| 1879, founded first psych lab at University of Leipzig Germany |
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| school founded by Wundt, breaks down mind's conscious experiment into most basic state |
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| study of what mind does rather than conscious experience and its structure. |
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| 1900 Sigmund Feud, value of unconscious mind |
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| Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon |
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| founded field of psychometrics, created first intelligence test |
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| "Purposive Behavior in Animals and Men" |
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| "Behavior of Organisms" 1938, developed automated animal testing chambers "Skinner Boxes" |
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| every event is determined by a sequence prior events, possible to infer or predict |
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| knowledge based on objective observation |
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| everything can be explained or is caused by physical materials--that's reality |
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| complex problems can be understood by breaking them down |
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| only valid knowledge can be gained from observation and sensory experience, observation is held to be superior to using reason |
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| blank slate, written on by experience. aristotle, locke |
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| measure speed of nerve impulse |
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| Darwin, mind was adaptation that improved creatures fitness |
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| taking someone's word, sometimes authority disagree or change their minds |
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| bases of logic must be true |
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| often after the fact; commonsense & mysticism |
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| common sense also changes (i.e. salem witch trials); after the fact |
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| altered state of conscious, can be wrong or difficult to relay message |
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| object and repeatable observations, anyone can do science, not a good tool for understanding the unique |
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| Working Assumptions of Science |
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| Reality, Rationality, Regularity, Causality, Discoverability |
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| the universe is not an illusion |
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| world is rational and can be understood through logical reasoning |
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| rules and laws and properties of the universe are the same everywhere |
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| nothing is spontaneous, everything is caused by a previous thing |
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| Discoverability assumption |
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| universe holds no secrets, everything can be solved or understood |
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| preferred method of conducting research; independent variables and dependent variables |
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| associations between factors and variables |
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| intensive detailed collection about single individuals or small groups, no control over accuracy of information |
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| questionnaires, interviews, surveys; quick and easy to collect and administer but can be poorly written or biased |
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| minimally intrusive, subject to bias |
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| Laboratory/Field, artificial/uncontrolled |
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| correlation v. experimental |
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| sum total ofa ll people animals or things taht we study, SAMPLE of population |
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| variability of distribution |
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| how scattered the values of our observations are |
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| the amount we can go up and down from variance and still be in range |
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| DNA content of cells nucleus, observable or not |
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| derived from one fertilized egg |
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| derived from two fertilized eggs |
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| more than one gene. most observable genes are polygenic |
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| relatedness v. concordance rate |
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| twis 100% relatedness but 50% concordance |
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| link to criminality disproved, extra Y chromosome |
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