Term
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Definition
| concentrating and focusing mental resources |
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Term
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Definition
| memory that holds information form the world in its original form for only an instant (lasts only several seconds) |
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Term
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Definition
| a limited capacity memory system in which information is retained for as long as 30 seconds, unless the information is rehearsed, in which case it can be retained longer (7+/- 2 chunks) |
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Term
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Definition
| a kind of mental workbench that lets individuals manipulate, assemble, and construct information when they make decisions, solve problems, and comprehend written and spoken language. |
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Term
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Definition
| a type of memory that holds enormous amounts of information for a long period of time in a relatively permanent fashion |
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Term
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Definition
| grouping or packin information into higher-order units that can be remembered as single units |
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Term
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Definition
| a model of memory that involves a sequence of three stages, sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory |
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Term
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Definition
| the retension of information about the where and when of life's happenings (ex:what did you do on your birthday?_ |
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Term
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Definition
| a students general knowledge about the world |
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Term
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Definition
| the conscious repetition of information over time to increase the length of time information stays in memory |
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Term
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Definition
| the theory that processing of memory occurs on a continnum from shallow to deep, with deeper processing producing better memory |
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Term
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Definition
| extensiveness of information processing involved in encoding |
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Term
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Definition
| recall is better for items at the beginning and end of a list than for items in the middle |
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Term
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Definition
| items at the beginning of a list tend to be remembered best |
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Term
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Definition
| items at the end of the list also tend to be remembered |
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which information gets into memory |
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Term
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Definition
| the retention of information over time |
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Term
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Definition
| means taking information out of storage |
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Term
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Definition
| retrieval failure caused by a lack of effective retrieval cues |
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Term
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Definition
| we forget not because we actually lose memories from storage, but rather because other information gets in the way of what we are trying to remember |
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Term
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Definition
| new learning involves the creation of a neurochemical "memory trace" which will eventually disinigrate (as time passes, so do brain cells) |
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Term
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Definition
| has superior recall of information in their area of expertise |
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Term
| Strategies for becoming an expert |
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Definition
| spreading out and consolidating notes, asking themselves questions, taking good notes, using a study system |
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Term
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Definition
| knowing about knowing : student consiously adapt and manage their thinking stategies during problem solving and purpseful thinking |
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Term
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Definition
| categories that group objects, events, and characteristics on the basis of common properties |
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Term
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Definition
| visual presentation of a concept's connections and hierarchical organization |
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Term
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Definition
| individuals decide whether an item is a member or a category by compaing it with the most typical items of the category |
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Term
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Definition
| a correspondence in some respects between otherwise dissimilar things |
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Term
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Definition
| involves thinking reflectively and productively and evaluating the evidence |
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Term
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Definition
| resoning from the specific to the general |
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Term
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Definition
| resoning from the general to the specific |
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Term
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Definition
| a strategy or rule of thumb that can suggest a solution to a problem but doesn't ensure it will work |
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Term
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Definition
| prediction about the probabilty of an event based on the frequency of the event's past occurances |
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Term
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Definition
| thinking with the aim of producing one correct answer. this is usually the type of thinking required on conventional intelligence tests. |
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Term
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Definition
| thiking which produces many answers to the same question and is more characteristic of creativity |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency to search for and use information that supports our ideas rather than refutes them |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency to falsely report, after the fact, that we accurately predicted an event |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency to have more confidence in judgment and decisions that we should based on probability or past experiences |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendcy to hold on to a belief in the face of contradictory evidence |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to think about something in novel and unusual ways and come up with unique solutions to problems |
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Term
| Strategies for helping children pay attention |
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Definition
| encourage students to pay close attention and minimize distraction, use cues or gestures to signal that something is important, help students generate their own cue or catch phrase for when they need to pay attention, use instructional comments, make learning interesting, use media and technology, ...... |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to prcess information with little or no effort |
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Term
| Information processing approach |
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Definition
| a cognitive approach in which children manipulate information, monitor it, and strategize about it. central to this approach are the cognitive processes of memory and thinking |
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