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| Umwelt, Mitwelt, Eignewelt |
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Definition
| Existential psychologist Binswanger's three parts of experience; |
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| The part of experience where you feel things based on being a biological organism. |
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| The part of experience that is based on social experience. |
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| The part of experience which is internal, the "experience of experience itself". |
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| Heidegger's term for the time, place, and circumstances which you happened to be born. |
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Definition
| The feeling that you are wasting your one and only opportunity at life. Also called existential anxiety. |
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| Anguish, Forlornness, Despair |
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Definition
| The three parts of Angst. |
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| The resulting feeling from making a choice, often a difficult one, because no choice is perfect. A part of Angst. |
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| The existential solitude that is derived from the belief that no one and/or nothing can guide your choices. A part of Angst. |
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| The realization that many outcomes are beyond your control, and the inability to change crucial aspects of the world. A part of Angst. |
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| The existential concept that arises from a person "burying their head in the sand" and doing what they are told by society, convention, peer group, politics, religion, et al. |
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| American psychologist that proposed that people "have one basic tendency and striving -- to actualize, maintain and enhance the experiencing organism [itself]". |
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| The term used to describe the process of maintaining and enhancing oneself. |
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| The entire panorama of conscious experience. |
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| Conceptualizing American psychologist of the hierarchy of needs. |
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| The tiered system of classifying needs beginning with basic needs (food, water, air) and progressing towards self-actualization. |
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| Fully Functioning Persons |
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Definition
| A person that perceives the world accurately, without neurotic distortion, and takes responsibility for one's choices. |
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| Unconditional Positive Regard |
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Definition
| Constant positive interaction that Rogers believed would lead to developing into a fully functional person. The "happy" version of the existentialist's authentic experience. |
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Definition
| Criteria such as wealth, intelligence, attractiveness, success, et al. t |
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| The process where a therapist tries to promote a fully functioning person, and reduce discrepancies between current and ideal self in a client. |
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| Psychologist who thought that a person's individual experience of the world was the most import part of his or her psychology; created Personal Construct Theory |
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| Personal Constructs/Personal Construct Theory |
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Definition
| One's unique set of ideas about the world, and the usage of them to emphasize how one's cognitive or thinking system builds them. |
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| Chronically Accessible Constructs |
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Definition
| Constructs that are more readily brought to mind. |
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Definition
| The corollary which holds that understanding another person means understanding his or her personal construct system; you must be able to look at the world through that person's eyes. |
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| Constructive Alternativism |
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Definition
| Kelly theory that any pattern of experience can lead to numerous construals - perhaps infinitely many. |
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Definition
| Phenomenological psychologist that believed that your moment-to-moment experience is what really matter in life; the concern is how to make the most of it. |
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Definition
| The subjective experience of an autoelic activity - the enjoyment itself. Characterized by Csikszentmihalyi as a focused and ordered state of consciousness that arises when you activity entails a balance ration of skills to challenges. |
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Definition
| Activities that are enjoyable for their own sake. |
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| Psychologist who argued that without stress, life would be boring and meaningless. |
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Definition
| Vegetativeness, nihilism, and meaningless thrill seeking all contribute to this, according to Maddi. |
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Definition
| The feeling that nothing has meaning and becoming listless and aimless. |
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Definition
| Experience is dominated by anger, disgust, and cynicism. |
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| Meaningless Thrill Seeking |
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Definition
| An adventurousness in which only extreme thrills manage to garner one's full attention and distract from deep feelings of meaninglessness. |
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Definition
| Defined by Maddi as a lifestyle that embraces, rather than avoids, stress. |
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Term
| Edward L. Deci and Richard M. Ryan |
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Definition
| Main psychologists involved with Self-Determination Theory |
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| Self-Determination Theory |
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Definition
| A theory of motivation concerned with supporting our natural or intrinsic tendencies to behave in effective and healthy ways. |
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Definition
| Stance where happiness comes from psychological experiences. |
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| Stance where happiness comes from fulfilling a process of life; action |
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Definition
| Psychological field where the focus is not on malfunction, but on "positive subjective experience, positive individual traits, and postivive institutions." |
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| Courage, Justice, Humanity/Compassion, Temperance, Wisdom, Transcendence |
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Definition
| The six core virtues of Positive Psychology. |
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Definition
| Emotional strengths that involve the exercise of will to accomplish goals in the face of adversity. |
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Definition
| Strengths that underlie healthy community life |
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| Strengths that involve protecting and taking care of others. |
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Definition
| Strengths that protect against excess. |
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| Strengths that entail the acquistion and use of knowledge |
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Definition
| Strengths that give meaning to life by connecting to the larger universe. |
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Definition
| Branched projections of a neuron that act as conductors for neurotransmissions |
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Definition
| Long, slender projection of a neuron that carries impulses away from the cell body to the dendrites. |
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Definition
| Carry impulses towards central nervous system |
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Definition
| Carry impulses away from central nervous system. |
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Definition
| A multipolar neuron which connects afferent neurons and efferent neurons in neural pathways. |
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Definition
| The mood and motivation center of the brain. |
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Definition
| Memory center of the brain. |
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Term
| Electroencephalography (EEG) |
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Definition
| Electrodes placed on the scalp to pick up electrical signals generated by the brain. |
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Term
| Magnetoencephalography (MEG) |
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Definition
| A technique for using delicate magnetic sensors on the outside of the skull to detect brain activity. |
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Term
| Positron Emission Tomography (PET) |
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Definition
| A technique for creating images of brain activity by injecting a radioactive tracer into the blood and then finding with a scanner where in the brain the blood is metabolized. |
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Term
| Functional Magnetic Resonance Imagery (fMRI) |
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Definition
| A technique for imaging brain activity by using a powerful magnet to help detect blood flow in the brain. |
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Term
| Functional Magnetic Resonance Imagery (fMRI) |
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Definition
| A technique for imaging brain activity by using a powerful magnet to help detect blood flow in the brain. |
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Term
| Ascending reticular activating system (ARAS) |
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Definition
| Eysenck's arousal theory claims that this is the biological connection to personality. |
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Term
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Definition
| Small organ in the base of the brain which appears to link perceptions and thoughts of the world with their emotional meaning. Also helps to evaluate threat and reward. |
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Term
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Definition
| Linked to the amygdala, it projects inhibitory circuts to the amygdala to help control emotional response and impulses |
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Definition
| These procedures, including prefrontal leucotomies and lobotomies, remove small sections of the brain as treatment for psychoses. |
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Definition
| Procedure where small areas of white matter behind each of the frontal lobes are deliberately damaged. |
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Definition
| Procedure where whole sectors of the frontal lobes were scooped out. |
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Definition
| Substances that allow the communication between neurons. |
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Definition
| Neurotransmitter that is key to control body movements, systems that cause one to respond to reward and to approach attractive objects and people. |
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Definition
| A neurotransmitter that plays a role in the inhibition of behavioral impulses, or emotional impulses. |
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Term
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Definition
| A biological chemical that affects the body in a different location than where it is produced. |
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Term
| Epinephrine and norepinephrine |
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Definition
| Two neurotransmitters that are responsible for the "fight or flight" response. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hormone linked to orgasm, social recognition, pair bonding, anxiety, and maternal behaviors |
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Term
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Definition
| This hormone, higher in males, is linked to aggression, energizing functions, and sexuality |
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Definition
| Hormone created as a response to stress; part of the body's preparation for action. |
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Definition
| Field that studies the way inherited biological material affects behavior. |
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Definition
| Field that studies the way inherited biological material affects behavior. |
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Definition
| Statistic used to indicate the influence of genetics on behavior. |
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Definition
| Different form of the same gene. |
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Definition
| This is the belief that everything that happens in a person's mind, and everything a person thinks and does, has a specific cause. |
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Definition
| Freud's three parts of the mind's internal structure. |
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Definition
| The irrational and emotional part of the mind. |
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Definition
| The rational part of the mind. |
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Definition
| The moral part of the mind. |
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Term
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Definition
| Conflict between Id, Ego, and Superego |
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Term
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Definition
| This is when the ego compromises between the id and superego. |
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Definition
| Freud's belief that there was only a certain amount of energy available for the id, ego, and superego |
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Definition
| Freud's process of having the patient talk about their problems, and consequently how to solve them. |
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Term
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Definition
| Life drive of a person, often referred to as sex drive. |
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Definition
| Freud's name for death or entropy |
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Term
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Definition
| Freud's stages of development which include Oral, Anal, Phallic, and Genital |
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Term
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Definition
| From Birth to 18 months, the focus in this stage physically, is on the mouth, lips, and tongue; psychologically on dependence. An adult fixated on this stage is overly in/dependent |
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Definition
| From 18 months to 3 years, this stage is physically focused on the anus and other organs of elimination, and psychologically focused on self-control and obedience. An adult fixated on this stage is obsessive-compulsive, or anti-authority |
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Definition
| From 3 1/2 to 7 years old, this stage is physically focused on the penis, and psychologically focused on gender identity and sexuality; also love, fear, and jealousy. An adult fixated at this stage has overly rigid moral code or issues with sexuality. |
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Definition
| The part of a person's psychosexual development that takes place between the Phallic and Genital stages. |
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Definition
| This stage, from puberty on, is physically focused on the genitals, and psychologically focused on creation and enhancement of life. An adult character that reaches this stage is well-adjusted (able to love and work) |
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Definition
| Id-based process of thinking focused on immediate gratification; does not contain the word "no". |
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| Secondary process thinking |
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Definition
| Rational, practical, prudent; what we normally associate with the word "thinking". |
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Definition
| The smallest topographic part of the mind, the part you can observe by turning your attention inward. |
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Definition
| Part of the mind that consists of things you are not thinking about at the moment, but could recall easily. |
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Definition
| The largest part of the mind, includes the id, the superego, and most of the ego. |
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Definition
| Psychological responses to a negative stimulus, to avoid anxiety. |
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Definition
| Defense mechanism where one simply refuses to acknowledge the source of anxiety, or even fails to perceive it in the first place. |
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Definition
| Defense mechanism where one banishes the past from present awareness and tends to involve less outright negation of reality. Completely removes anxiety from conscious. |
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Definition
| Defense mechanism where forbidden thoughts, feelings, and impulses are kept out of one's awareness by instigating their opposites. |
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Definition
| Defense mechanism where a person protects against unwanted impulses by causing a behavior that appears to be the opposite. |
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| Defense mechanism against the anxiety aroused by having done something that would otherwise cause you shame, by concocting a seemingly rational case for why you had to do it. |
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| Defense mechanism where one turns a heated and anxiety-provoking issue into something cold, intellectual, and analytical. See: Doctors and Military strategists. |
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Definition
| Defense mechanism where one replaces one object of emotion with another. |
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Definition
| Defense mechanism which base and forbidden impulses are transformed into constructive behaviors. |
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Definition
| Often called "Freudian slips", a leakage from the unconscious mind manifesting as a mistake, accident, omission, or memory lapse. |
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| A joke where the impulse is disguised well. |
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| A joke where the impulse in not disguised. |
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Definition
| Neo-Freudian psychologist who focused on social interest, Organ inferiority, masculine protest, and inferiority complex. |
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Definition
| The desire to relate positively and productively with other people, as explained by Adler. |
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Definition
| The motivation to attain equality with, or superiority to, others based on a perceived weakest aspect of their childhood, as described by Adler. |
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| Adler's definition of the desire of an overcompensating adult to act and become powerful, because of feeling inadequate or inferior. |
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Definition
| The thought that everyone else is better, more attractive, and/or smarter than one's self |
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Definition
| Freud's "crown prince", coined the concepts of collective unconscious, Archetypes, and Anima/Animus. |
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Definition
| Jung's best known idea; based on the history of the history of the human species, all people share inborn "racial" memories and ideas, most of which reside in the unconscious. |
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Definition
| Basic images which Jung believed to go the core of how people think about the world, both consciously and unconsciously. |
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Definition
| Jung's term for the social mask one wears in public dealings. |
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Definition
| The male & female prototype as held in the mind of the female & male, respectively. |
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| Person who is psychologically turned inward. |
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| Person who is psychologically oriented to the world around them, and other people. |
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Definition
| Person who is psychologically oriented to the world around them, and other people. |
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Definition
| Deviated from Freud's concept of "penis envy", and all other portrays of women by Freud. Coined the phrase neurotic needs. |
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Definition
| Karen Horney's term that describes needs that people feel but that are neither realistic or truly desirable. |
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Definition
| Freud's most important revisionist, developed psychosocial approach in response to Freud's psychosexual approach, comprised of eight pyschosexual conflicts. |
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Definition
| Corresponding to Freud's Oral Stage, when the utterly dependent child learns whether needs and wants will be met, ignored, or overindulged. |
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| Autonomy vs. shame & doubt |
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Definition
| Corresponding to Freud's Anal Stage, the child begins to receive orders from adults, while learning language, and how to control bodily functions. The conflict of "Who's in charge here?" arises. |
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Definition
| Corresponding to Freud's Phallic Stage, the child begins to anticipate and fantasize about life as an adult, including sexual fantasies, and life plans. |
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| Industry versus inferiority |
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Definition
| The psychosexual stage where one should develop the skills and attitudes to succeed in the world of work or otherwise contribute to society. The time to begin controlling one's exuberant imagination and unfocused energy and get on with tasks of developing competence, et al. |
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Term
| Identity vs. Identity Confusion |
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Definition
| The adolescent strives to figure out who he or she is in this psychosocial stage; choosing which values and goals are consistent, personally meaningful, and useful. |
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Term
| Generativity vs. Stagnation |
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Definition
| Psychosexual stage that occurs in middle age; person must decide whether to settle into the comforts of life or prepare to pass things on to the next generation. |
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Definition
| Psychosexual stage where one faces the reality of death; at old age. Does one despair over bad life choices, or has the person developed wisdom. |
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Definition
| The analysis of interpersonal relationships. |
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| Object relations theorist who theorized that the first important object in an infant's life is the mother's breast. |
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Definition
| Object relation theorist/pediatrician whose most prominent idea created the notion of a niffle, or object with an emotional attachment, aka a transitional object. |
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Definition
| A 'niffle'; an object that a child uses to bridge the gap between private fantasy and reality. |
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Definition
| Winnicott's term to describe a 'personality'created to please others. |
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Definition
| Picking up the culture you were born and raised in. |
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Definition
| Moving to a new home and gradually picking up the new culture. |
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| Elements common to all cultures |
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Definition
| Elements different between cultures. |
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