Term
|
Definition
directly related to survival
EG: hunger, thirst, pain, sex, elimination |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
learned drives; usually culturally determined
EG: fear, anxiety, need to be successful or attractive |
|
|
Term
| why are primary drives the building blocks of personality? |
|
Definition
| because all acquired drives ultimately depend on them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (cornerstone of Hull's theory): an association between a stimulus and a response |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| habit family hierarchy: a group of responses elicited by a cue |
|
|
Term
| innate hierarchy of responses |
|
Definition
| habit family hierarchy that is genetically determined |
|
|
Term
| resultant hierarchy of responses |
|
Definition
| hierarchy of responses elicited by a cue after learning has taken place |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| contention that for learning to occur, both innate responses and previously learned responses must be ineffective in solving a problem. Therefore, learning is said to depend on failure |
|
|
Term
| Miller's experiment of how fear became an acquired drive |
|
Definition
rat in a black and white box; when the rat roamed freely it showed no aversion to the white or black compartment. When Miller shocked the rat in the while compartment, and it was allowed to escape to the black compartment, the rat quickly learned to escape shock by leaving the white compartment. Later, when the rat was placed in the white compartment without being shocked, it urinated, defecated, crouched, and ran into the black compartment. Thus, the animal learned to fear the white compartment. Then, miller arranged the box so the rat could escape the white box by turning a small wheel, when the wheel was replaced with a lever the rat extinguished the first wheel response and started pushing the lever. The animal developed a conditioned fear reaction to the white chamber.
Concluded: fear itself becomes a drive that can be reduced resulting in reinforcement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drive, cue, response, and reinforcement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
strong stimulus that impels an organism to action and whose elimination or reduction is reinforcing
energizes behavior -> impels action; motivational
EG: internal- hunger or thirst or external: loud noise or intense cold or heat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
stimulus that indicated the appropriate direction an activity should take
cues guide behavior -> any stimulus that is distinct enough to tell a stimulus where, when, and which response you should engage
EG: when the clock says 3:15, you leave the room |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
elicited by the drive and cues present and are aimed at reducing or eliminating the drive;
EG: the hungry (drive) person seeing a restaurant (cue) must get into the restaurant (response) before the hunger drive can be reduced |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| directly instrumental in reducing a drive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cue-producing response: entailing the thinking, planning, and reasoning that will ultimately reduce a drive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reasoning is solving an immediate problem and planning is solving a future problem |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| equated with drive reduction; any stimulus that causes drive reduction is said to be a reinforcer |
|
|
Term
what are the 4 critical training situations of childhood?
Baby backpack examples |
|
Definition
feeding, cleanliness, sex, anger and aggression
most neuroses originate in childhood |
|
|
Term
| original frustration-aggression hypothesis |
|
Definition
| aggression is only one possible response to frustration, and aggression has many causes: far too braod |
|
|
Term
| modern view of frustration-aggression hypothesis |
|
Definition
| frustration leads to stress reaction, and some persons cope with stress by engaging in counterproductive behavior |
|
|
Term
| what are the two major types of unconscious experience? |
|
Definition
| suppression and repression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stopping thoughts that cause anxiety: escape |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
when potentially painful thoughts are aborted automatically (before they enter consciousness): avoidance
thus, not thinking thoughts that are unpleasant |
|
|
Term
| what are the components of neurosis and symptom formation? |
|
Definition
the neurotic is miserable and unwise about certain aspects of their own existence (stupid), and develop physical symptoms that are manifestations of a repressed conflict
conflict is at the core of neurotic behavior and learned in childhood; taught by parents
neurotic symptoms are learned because they reduce anxiety |
|
|
Term
| functions of psychotherapy |
|
Definition
| provides a way to unlearn maladaptive behaviors |
|
|
Term
| approach-approach conflict |
|
Definition
conflict is between two positive goals that are equally attractive at the same time
goal 1 person goal 2
(+)<---------*---------->(+)
EG: two equally attractive people ask for a date, should I take a plane or ship to England? |
|
|
Term
| avoidance-avoidance conflict |
|
Definition
the person must choose between two negative goals
goal 1 person goal 2
(-)--------->*<--------->(-)
EG: child must eat spinach or be spanked; damned if you do and damned if you don't; between a rock and a hard place |
|
|
Term
| approach-avoidance conflict |
|
Definition
the person is both attracted and repelled by the same goal
person goal 1
-----------> (+)
<----------- (-)
approach and avoidance gets stronger the closer you get to a goal
EG: a job is attractive by the money is produces, but unattractive because it's boring |
|
|
Term
| double approach-avoidance |
|
Definition
here the person has ambivalent feelings about two goal objects
goal 1 person goal 2
(+)<---------*---------->(+)
(-) --------->*<----------(-)
EG: girl is attracted to her mother because the mother satisfies her biological needs, but is repelled by the mother because she is thought responsible for denying the girl a penis |
|
|
Term
| dollard and miller criticisms |
|
Definition
unsuccessful synthesis of hullian learning theory and psychoanalysis
overgeneralization from nonhuman animals to animals
overly simplistic |
|
|
Term
| dollard and miller contributions |
|
Definition
synthesis of hullian learning theory and psychoanalysis
scientifically respectable approach to the study of personality
clear description of therapeutic process |
|
|
