Term
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Definition
| humanistic psychology; which was viewed by Maslow and others as an alternative to psychoanalysis and behaviorism |
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| behaviorism; it is limited by its assumption that general principles could be developed by studying rats |
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| psychoanalysis; it focused on the negative and pathological aspects of human behavior |
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| what does humanistic psychology explore and expand on? |
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Definition
| healthy functioning, creativity, love and play, spontaneity, personal growth (dignity and enhancement), and higher levels of consciousness |
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Term
| what are the types of needs related to motivation? |
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Definition
| basic needs, metaneeds, and human needs |
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Term
| what are the levels in the need hierarchy? (from bottom to top) |
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Definition
1) physiological: survival/shared with other animals
2) safety: structure, order, security-Kellian
3) belongingness and love: social and affiliation
4) esteem: approval of others through reputation/respect
5) self-actualization: fulfilling one's creative potential |
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| why do only 1% of humans reach the top of the hierarchy? |
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Term
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| B = Being; governs the self-actualizing person's life. Also called metamotives |
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| D = deficiency; influenced by the absence of such things as food, love ,or esteem. governed by the nonactualizing person's life. Also called need-directed perception |
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| growth motivation; governed by the b-values instead of by the satisfaction of basic deficiencies |
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| B-perception; thinking or perceiving that is governed by B-values rather than by D-motives. Such cognition is richer and fuller than D-cognition |
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| metamotives; those higher aspects of life pursued by self-actualizing individuals. Included are such values as truth, goodness, beauty, justice, and perfection |
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| deep, non-possessive, insatiable, emotional relationship that is not aimed at satisfying any particular need. |
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Definition
| motivated by the need for love and belongingness. Such love is selfish because it satisfies a personal deficiency. |
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| motivation governed by the basic needs. Characterized the lives of individuals who aren't self-actualizing |
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| needs or deficiencies that exist in the hierarchy o needs prior to the level of self-actualization |
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| how can self-actualization be encouraged? |
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Definition
Ashrams: places where already healthy people can get healthier
Esalen Institute: the western version of an Ashram |
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Term
| transpersonal psychology; fourth force psychology |
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Definition
| psychology that examines the human relationship to the cosmos or to something "bigger than we are" and the mystical, spiritual, or peak experiences that the realization of such a relationship produces |
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Term
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Definition
field in contemporary psychology that explores the higher aspects of humans but does so in a way that is more scientifically rigorous and less self-centerd than was humanistic psychology
positive experiences; positive individual traits, and positive institutions |
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Term
| what are the criticisms of Maslow? |
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Definition
| too many exceptions, unscientific approach, overly optimistic view of human nature, several unanswered questions, concepts biased toward western culture |
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Definition
| vastly increased psychology's domain and applied value |
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