Term
| CH 1 Is psychology a science? |
|
Definition
| If the scientific method is used, then yes. |
|
|
Term
| CH 1 What are the steps in the Scientific Method? |
|
Definition
1. Identify the problem
2. Conduct background research
3. Formulate a hypothesis
4.Test the hypothesis
5. Analyze the results
6. Report results |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A way of processing information in which we examine assumptions, evaluate evidence, look for hidden agendas, and assess conclusions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the belief that mind and body are different kinds of substance that exist independently. |
|
|
Term
| CH 1 what was aristotle's view on human psychology? |
|
Definition
| he believed that the heart was the center of the mind and the soul. |
|
|
Term
| CH 1 How did Galen see human health? |
|
Definition
| Galen saw human health, thoughts, and emotions as being determined by 4 different "spirits" flowing from the ventricles, which are cavities in the center of the brain. |
|
|
Term
| CH 1 Descartes' view on dualism/the mind/the brain: |
|
Definition
| Defended dualism, but recognized the problem of how a mind that is not made of material could influence the brain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Belief that the universe consists only of one kind of substance. |
|
|
Term
| CH 1 Eliminative materialism: |
|
Definition
| the view that everything that exists is material, or physical, and mental events don't exist at all. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The view that only the mind really exists and that the physical world could not exist unless some mind were aware of it. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the act of perception entails more than just the sum of its parts. |
|
|
Term
| CH 1 Psychodynamic theory: |
|
Definition
| Humans are motivated by primitive sexual drives, forbidden desires, and traumatic childhood memories unavailable to the conscious mind. (Freud) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Concentrates on observable behavior that can be directly measured and recorded. |
|
|
Term
| CH 1 Humanistic psychology: |
|
Definition
| The importance of self-esteem, self expression, and reaching one's potential. |
|
|
Term
| CH 1 Cognitive psychology: |
|
Definition
| focuses on the working of the human brain and sought to understand how we process the info that we collect from out environments. |
|
|
Term
| CH 1 Evolutionary approach: |
|
Definition
| The belief (Darwin) that patterns of human behavior may be beneficial to our survival. |
|
|
Term
| CH 2 research design: Experiment. list characteristics |
|
Definition
| Variables, participants, confederates (people taking part in experiment with insight to the aim), independent variable, dependent variable, random assignment |
|
|
Term
| CH 2 Independent variable vs. dependent variable: |
|
Definition
| IV: manipulated by researcher, DV: reliant on effects of IV. variable of interest we design IV in order to observe. |
|
|
Term
| CH 2 list some data collection methods: |
|
Definition
| self-report method, questionnaires, interviews, observational methods |
|
|
Term
| CH 2 naturalistic observation: |
|
Definition
| observation of something in its natural environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| examination of individual, group, company or society; limited in external validity |
|
|
Term
| CH 2 types of research/settings: |
|
Definition
| Lab study, field study. lab has less external validity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| degree to which the numbers in a set of data differ from one another and the mean. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| caused by factors that randomly affect measurement of the variable across a sample |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord. |
|
|
Term
| CH 3 Somatic nervous system: |
|
Definition
| Consists of axons relaying messages from the sense organs to the CNS and from the CNS to the muscles |
|
|
Term
| CH 3 Autonomic nervous system: |
|
Definition
| part of the PNS, controls heart, intestines, and other organs |
|
|
Term
| CH 3 two parts of the autonomic nervous system and define: |
|
Definition
| Sympathetic, controls necessary functions in the body i.e breathing, heart rate; Parasympathetic, controls non-essential body functions |
|
|
Term
| CH 3 two types of cells in the nervous system and define: |
|
Definition
| Neurons, send messages to one another and to muscles and glands, and Glia, smaller than neurons and have many functions but cannot convey messages across great distances |
|
|
Term
| CH 3 fun facts about neurons: |
|
Definition
| Adult human brain contains about 100 billion neurons, vary enormously in size shape and function, the wider the branching the more neurons it connects with, and the function of a neuron affects its shape. |
|
|
Term
| CH 3 components of neurons: |
|
Definition
| Dendrites, soma/cell body, axon, and presynaptic terminals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| receives signals from other neurons and makes muscles move. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Insulating material composed of fats and proteins covering the axon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| conveys messages from one neuron to another |
|
|
Term
| CH 3 Saltatory conduction: |
|
Definition
| Jumping (SALTA) of action potentials from node to node. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one gene is responsible for a certain characteristic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| more than one gene is responsible for a characteristic |
|
|
Term
| CH 4 list adaptive behaviors (evolutionary psychology): |
|
Definition
| ability to detect human emotions, universal phobias, dislike of bitter foods, fear of heights, ability of language |
|
|
Term
| CH 4 difference between polygyny and polyandry: |
|
Definition
| females are less involved in parenting in polyandry and more involved in polygyny |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
