Term
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Definition
| a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned |
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Term
| How does evolutionary theory examine motivation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is drive-reduction theory? Figure 11.1 |
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Definition
| the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state ( a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need |
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Term
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Definition
| a tendency to maintain a blanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspet of body chmeistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level |
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Term
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Definition
| a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior |
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Term
| What “pushes” us? What “pulls” us? |
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Definition
| pushed by our need to reduce drives, we are pulled by incentives. |
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Term
| What is optimal arousal theory? |
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Definition
| we are much more thatn homeostatic systems, however. Some motivated behaviors actually increase aroual. Human motivation aims not to eliminate arousal but to seek optimum levels of arousal. |
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Term
| Explain Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Figure 11.2 What is self-actualization? What is self-transcendence? What needs have to be met first? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happened to the men in Keys study that were fed half normal food level? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why do we feel hungry? Is it only stomach contractions? |
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Definition
| Stomach contractions accompany our feelings of hunger |
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Term
| What is glucose and how does it contribute to hunger? |
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Definition
| a form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger |
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Term
| What does the lateral hypothalamus do? |
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Definition
| activity along the sides of the hypothalamus (the lateral) brings on hunger |
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Term
| The ventromedial hypothalamus? |
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Definition
| Activity in the second senter - the lower mid-hypothalamus - depresses hunger. STimulate this area an and animal will stop eating. |
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Term
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Definition
| the point at which an individual's "weight thermostat" is suppsedly set. When the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and wa lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight. |
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Term
| The basal metabolic rate? |
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Definition
| the body's resting rate of energy expenditure |
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Term
| What are some psychological and cultural factors that influence hunger? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa? |
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Definition
anorexia - an eating disorder in which a person (usually an adolescent female) diets and becomes signifiicantly (15 percent or more) underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to starve.
Bulimia - an eating diosorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting ,or excessive exercise |
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Term
| Be familiar with importance of culture on eating disorders (e.g. the Frederickson sweater and swimsuit (1998) p. 454 ) |
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Definition
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Term
| Review the social effects of obesity p. 457-458 and how genes, food, and activity level contribute to obesity p. 460-461 |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the sexual response cycle? Be familiar with the 4 stages. |
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Definition
| the four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson - excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution |
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Term
| What is the refractory period? |
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Definition
| a resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm |
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Term
| What psychological factors influence sexual motivation? |
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Definition
| exposure to stimulating conditions, sexual fantasies |
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Term
| What is sexual orientation? Is it due to environmental factors according to the psychological community? |
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Definition
| an enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one's own sex (homosexual orientation) or the other sex (heterosexual orientation) |
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Term
| What research suggests it is biological –see Table 11.1 and p. 473-77? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the some of the reasons we need to belong? |
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Definition
| aiding survival,wanting to belong, |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a completely involved, focused state of consciousness, with diminished awareness of slef and time, resulting from optimal engagement of one's skills |
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Term
| What is industrial/organizational psychology? |
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Definition
| the application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces |
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Term
| What is personnel psychology? |
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Definition
| a subfield of I/O psuchology that focuses on employee recruitment, selection, placement, training, appraisal, and development |
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Term
| Organizational psychology? |
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Definition
| a subfield of I/O psychology that examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction and productivity and facilitates organizational change |
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Term
| What predicts job performance more- performance in an informal interview or work samples and past performance? |
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Definition
| Work samples and past performance |
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Term
| What is the interviewer illusion? |
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Definition
inverviewws disclose the interviewee's good intentions, which are less revealing than habitual behaviors.
interviewers more often follow the succesful careers of those they have hired than the successful careers of those they have rejected and lost track of.
Interviewers presume that people are what htey seem to be in the interview situation.
Interviewers' preconceptionss and moods color how they perceive intervewee's responses |
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Term
| What is a structured interview? |
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Definition
| interview process that asks the same job-relevant questions of all applicatnts, each of whom is rated on established scales |
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Term
| What is 360 feedback (p. 487)? |
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Definition
| with ulti-source 360 degree feedback, on's knoledge, skills, and behaviors are rated by self and surroudning others. Professors, for example, may be rated by their department chiars, their students, and their colleagues. AFter receving all these ratings, processors discuss the feed back with their department chair |
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Term
| What is a halo error (p. 487)? |
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Definition
| Halo erros occur when one's overall evaluation of an employee, or of a personal trait such as their friendliness, biases ratings of their specific work-related behaviors, such as their reliability. |
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Term
| What is achievement motivation? |
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Definition
| A desire for significant accomplishment; for mastery of thing,s people or ideas; for rapidly attaining a high standard |
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Term
| What is the 10 year rule (p. 488)? |
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Definition
| world-class experts in a field typically have invested "at least 10 years of hard work - say, 40 hours a week for 50 weeks a year. |
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Term
| What is employee engagement (p. 4890? How is related to organizational success? |
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Definition
| employee engagement -the extent of work'er's invovlemnt, enthusiasm, and identification with tehir oranizatio. |
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Term
| What do effective leaders do (p. 490-491)? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the difference between task and social leadership? |
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Definition
task leadership - goal oriented leadership that sets standards, organizes work, and focuses attention on goals
Social leadership - explaining decisions, mediating conflicts, and building high-achieving teams. |
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Term
| What is the theory of transformational leadership? |
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Definition
| transformational leaders, many of whom are natural extraverts, articulate high standards, inspire people to share their vision, and offer personal atteniton. |
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