Term
| Freud: reductionist or constructivist |
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Definition
early part of his career reductionist. based on material and efficient causality.
reductionist views: no driving force that pushes behavior. all behavior can be explained on attraction and repulsion
early training with ernst brucke
helmholtz school: strict reductionist views; basic chemical and physical factors are responsible for behavior |
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Term
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Definition
nerve staining, medulla oblongata, childhood cerebral palsy (strong investigation in physiology, he would never assumer brucke's profession b/c he was jewish
cocaine: potential substitute for morphine, german army studies
brucke's mentorship-clinical neurologist (introduced o joseph bruer's work)
moved by a greed for knowledge |
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Term
| Other iure)nfluences on Freud's development |
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Definition
charles darwin: survival of the fittest
archeology: psychoanalysis bring deeply hidden memories of the unconscious like digging the ground to find bones
wolfgang von goethe: sublimation-feelings were worked through and elevated
brentano: existential founder of phrenology-ideas are imprinted-intentional, sexual and aggressive drives |
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Term
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Definition
conversion hysteria-bad status among doctors
1:7 females (fackery) the napoleon of neurosis
psychological but not biological basis
repression of sexuality (trauma) + hypnotic susceptibility
dissociation bet mind and body, paralysis of limbs, inability to speak, due to constitutional or genetic weakness of the mind |
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Term
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Definition
mesmer: animal magnetism, miraculous cures by redistributing magnetic forces
then he abandoned the use of the magnet-alleviate people by hypnotic suggestions
no scientific proof of his cure- sent to trial at french courts fraud
**people could be cured of hysteria through making suggestions during a hypnotic state |
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Term
| charcot's theories of hysteria |
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Definition
multiple co existing states of mind,
psychogenic cause- non conscious ideas may lead to organic displays
symptom relief through hypnosis
**gave freud the idea that there are processes below level of awareness |
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Term
| hypnosis and dissociation |
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Definition
pierre janet- contemporary of freud interested in dissociation
age regression: bring back emotional moments-lead to resolution
post hypnotic suggestions
dissociation: through hypnosis split mind (dont have access to one another)-amnesic barrier
multiple personality (mpd or did) |
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Term
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Definition
the square: normal, no access to alter egos
sammy- mediator 6 yrs old when his mother stabbed his father
king young- the lover 7 yrs, his mother dressed him up in women's clothes and made him go to school
usoffa-the warrior attacked by gang of white kids
all alter egos ha access to each other but jonah didnt to any of them |
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Term
| Joseph bruer and the discovery of repression |
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Definition
hering-bruer reflex
studied with brentano (existential phronology)
mentoring for freud, discoverer of the unconscious |
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Term
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Definition
conversion hysteria, dissociative states and delusional blindness, paralysis, inability to drink, spoke english not german, exact recollection of events 365 days previously
during day: talk to bruer and tell him hallucination
then hypnotized state, talking cure, chimney sweeping
bring memories to awareness
catharsis: purge, purify, cleanse
symptom relief by recollections of repressed memories
anna then fell inlove with bruer- belived that she was pregnant- bruer terminated treatment
very involved with women's suffrage movement
bertha pappenheim |
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Term
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Definition
symptoms: olfactory hallucinations- cigar smoke, burnt pudding
etiology of symptoms- she worked as the governess of of a widower, developed feelings for him. he refered to her as "nothing more than a servant" he was somking a cigar and a pudding was on the stove at this time
trauma is the felt rejection of a wish
she wanted to be his wife but this was incompatible with the dominant mass (ideas from society)
the cure is admission of repressed wish
trauma-affect-incompatibility-conversion symptoms
act of cowardice on the part of the patients ego |
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Term
| the case of elizabeth von r |
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Definition
pains, weakness of legs, no organic basis for symptoms. father dies, her sister dies, her wish
now he is free and i can be his wife
incompatible repressed idea
freud's treatment: accepting the existence of those ideas and feelings for her sister's husband
SHE COULDNT BE HYPNOTIZED |
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Term
| freud on hysteria and psychoanalysis |
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Definition
| The patient only gets free from the hysterical symptom by reproducing the pathogenic impressions that caused it, and by giving utterance to them with an expression of affect, and thus the therapeutic task consists solely of inducing him to do so |
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Term
| Problems with hypnotic approach |
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Definition
not applicable to all
impermanence of symptom relief (transient cure)
no emotional investment
hypnosis and transference- the patient develops feelings towards therapist
bernheim's pressure technique- leads to free association..associate around content of trauma
freud-switch to free association, no need for pressure
investigating the missing links on chain of association |
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Term
| summary of bruer/freud theory |
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Definition
the etiology of hysteria-inadmissible ideas and the dominant mass (internalized from one's culture)
the inadmissible ideas are either of sexual or aggressive nature, a lot of emotional investment-seeks to be expressed
-resistance, we live in harmony in society thanks to repression
-strangulated affect (somatic tension, physical symptoms)
-catharsis (abreaction)free of evil thoughts, accept their existence, they need to be re-lived with as much affect as associated with the repressed content
affect and ideation
-acceptance: transforming hysterical misery into common unhappiness (of feelings that surround ideas)
-sexuality (bruer believed this happened most but not all the time)
-victorian vienna (women had to repress their sexuality) |
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Term
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Definition
women had to repress sexuality except for what was allowed by their husbands
sex always on the mind of victorian women due to the high repression
girls were expected to be led and formed by a man in marriage without any will of their own |
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Term
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Definition
| each hysterical symptom immediately and permanently disappeared when he had succeeded in bringing clearly to light the memory of the event by which it was provoked and in arousing an accompanying affect, and when the patient described it with as much detail as possible. |
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Term
| conversion hysteria and incompatible ideas |
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Definition
alleviated through psychoanalysis, analyst acted as a mediator for the person's unconscious and conscious
auditorium example: we expend energy trying to repress the incompatible ideas because they are constantly trying to come into consciousness
treatment of hysteria:
-hypnosis
-pressure technique
-free association (no censorship)
-catharsis (most effective treatment of hysteria)
same amount of energy as the one invested in the trauma |
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Term
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Definition
1. topographic, economic and dynamic models
2. explores drives, genetic model
3. structural model, ego psychology
4. modern ego psychology |
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Term
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Definition
iceberg
*conscious: readily and easily symbolized, symbolic- thoughts perceptions. requires little psychological energy to bring to consciousness
*preconscious: symbolic- memories and stored knowledge, not currently on mind but can be easily brought- no conflict, no active suppression of material
*unconscious: diabolic fears, unacceptable sexual desires, violent motives, immoral urges
much conflict with dominant mass, great amount of psychological energy, never adequately symbolized
manifests when ego is weak ie drunk, drugs, dreams |
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Term
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Definition
nature and dynamics of psychic energy, conservation of energy hypothesis
cathexis- investment of energy in some object that may be used to satisfy energy
anti-cathexis: super ego, limit sexual and aggressive satisfaction
they are displaceable: move from one object to another
drives: sexual or aggressive flexible
instincts: biologically based fixed behavior |
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Term
| structure of drives (part of the economic model) |
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Definition
structure (ID)- source(body)- aim(modality)- object
drives are telic (have a definite end) |
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Term
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Definition
conflicting forces in the psyche
eros vs thanatos
eros: lust, love, fertility, giver of life
thanatos: death, merciless, return to state of quiet, fiver of death, take risks, drink to excess |
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Term
| the interpretation of dreams |
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Definition
manifest content: what the patient remembers
latent content: what really means, raw drives and wishes (it is disguised to let people sleep)
unfulfilled wishes: release energy from unfulfilled wishes from previous day)
dreamwork: latent to manifest
dream interpretation: manifest to latent
unconscious manifestation during waking hours: day dreams, freudian slips |
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Term
| problems with topographic models |
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Definition
-knowing what to repress requires knowledge
how do anti cathexis know what they are repressing?
-anxiety as strangulated affect
anxiety often arises before affect is repressed
-drives are sometimes conscious, but resistances are often unconscious |
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Term
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Definition
the nature of affect
phase I: strangulated affect--anxiety
phase II: evil thoughts-anxiety-repression-symptom
The content of drives or id psychology
the location of drives |
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Term
| phase II: seduction theory |
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Definition
fantasy and intrapsychic wishes
recovered memory of seduction
fantasy for opposite sex parent
most seduction theories are fantasy |
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Term
| essays on the theory of sexuality |
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Definition
1. phases of psychosexual development
2. three aims of the psyche: oral, anal, genital/phallic
successful resolution of conflicts
the views of ego psychologists |
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Term
| instincts and their vicissitudes |
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Definition
drives and their dynamics, the source of physci energy is the libido
drives:
-seek satisfaction, but flexible
-narcissistic vs other-directed aims
sexual vs ego instincts |
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Term
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Definition
The ego and the id (each referred to a group of functions)
referred to functional truths, not psychological constructs |
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Term
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Definition
locus of sexual and aggressive drives
functions to give representation and expression to drives
functions according to pleasure principle
primary processes are at the work of the id
completely self-centered no morality
immediately and directly satisfy drives
illogical, no temporal space
alien to us |
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Term
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Definition
the id is foreign to ego
doesn't need to be repressed
our self concept and how we think about ourselves(serves an executive function)
functions according to reality principle- delay gratification of drives
secondary processes are at work at the ego
ego strength- decreases with alcohol, drugs, dreams
weak servant to three masters- id, super ego and external reality
dynamic equilibrium-bet 3 masters suitable way to exert drives |
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Term
| the source of the ego's energy |
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Definition
a bundle of id energy at birth (from sexual and aggressive drives)
ego differentiates- energy from id to ego
immediate drive gratification- no need for an ego when drives are immediately satisfied
development of consciousness- hallucination of drive gratification
redirection of id energy to self love- primary narcissism
neutralization and desexualization of the libido |
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Term
| the synthetic function of the ego |
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Definition
ego as a process (loevinger)
try to bring about synthesis and unity
harmony to the three masters
ego attempts to resolve contradictions
therapist aligns with the ego |
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Term
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Definition
an out growth of the ego, develops around ages 5 or 6 (electra and oedipal complexes)
internalization of parental and/ or societal inhibitions
serves a critical function
conscience guilt and anxiety
ego- ideals |
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Term
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Definition
where id was, ego shall be
likened to the draining of the zuyer zee- a cultural achievement
control and navigate the workings of the id, dominant element in life evolved from sea
important for life to continue tidal waves and storms
very easy for id to be dominant again psychoanalysis requires time |
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Term
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Definition
1. act out on drive
2. rechannelization- doesnt suspend sensuality but changes so that it is no longer experienced as a sexual incentive
3. defense
not rigid defense, abwehr (parrying) to ward off, turn aside, evade, dodge |
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Term
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Definition
a set of familiar, unpleasant psychological events that may or may not include a cognitive explanation
yo cant identify the source of the anxiety whereas in fear you can
it is important because it prevents us walking into dangerous situations |
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Term
| freud's theories of anxiety |
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Definition
1. repression led to anxiety (manifestation of strangulated affect) creates a strain of energy; so it is the physiological release of energy
2. anxiety is what leads to repression
three categories: realistic, moral (contrary to super ego) and neurotic (id..cant identify the cause) |
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Term
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Definition
ego's activities in regulation of the psyche
arise from the unconscious
partially satisfy drives in culturally appropriate ways
not rigid functions
evading libidinal urges by partially satisfying id, super ego and external reality |
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Term
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Definition
push down one's psychic investment in some object- a counter cathexis- keep libidinal urges unconscious
very common, basic defense mechanism |
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Term
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Definition
not acknowledging drives, shut threatening material out of consciousness
more common in freud's time- fainting (close eyes to reality, system shuts down)
screen memories-replace horrible memory with false memory
very primitive form of defense |
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Term
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Definition
take desires and project them onto others
express drive energy without guilt
ward off unacceptable aspects of yourself
built from primitive animism |
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Term
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Definition
unacceptable urges replaced by opposites
ego identifies with the opposite libidinal impulses
function: overcompensation to reduce anxiety |
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Term
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Definition
repression of affect associated with threat
threatening ideas remain conscious
individual has threatening thoughts but no emotions associated with them
classic example: obsessions (often of violent nature) |
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Term
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Definition
alleviate ego from obsessive thoughts-anti cathexes
transient defense
example: compulsions-hand washing |
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Term
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Definition
threatening drives are too dangerous to enact on their intended target so we express the urge toward an easier target
it works because rives are displaceable
phobias, kick the dog phenomenon |
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Term
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Definition
redirect drive into something greater..create something sublime
differs from displacement- drive energy is no longer sexual or aggressive
the basis for civilization
more constructive uses |
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Term
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Definition
movement to a more primitive form of defense
functions to satisfy drives and reduce anxiety
not possible to function effectively in society
example: catatonia |
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Term
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Definition
1. repression
2. denial
3. projection
4. reaction formation
5. isolation
6. undoing
7. displacement
8. sublimation
9. regression |
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Term
| society and defense mechanisms |
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Definition
society is built around defense mechanisms
keep id too raw of an expression
allow people to function in society
society would collapse under active pursue of drives |
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Term
| nature of defense mechanisms |
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Definition
not independent, layered upon one another
ego alien: (ego dystonic) symptom pathologies
doesnt suffer from trauma but from defense mechanisms
ego syntonic: character pathologies part of one's personality doesnt seek treatment
important for society..too much restricts our growth if it keeps all the pain away |
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Term
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Definition
our soma (body) aligns with our defenses
character armor
rolfing and bioenergetics (energy released through deep tissue massage)
consciousness and integration
he was then accused to be communist and deported from france, england and germany |
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Term
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Definition
emphasis on normal development
-heinz hartmann ego has primary autonomy
-jane loevigner stages of ego development
self regulate in response to the world, changes with age
-roy schafer a process of internalization
importance of synthetic functions of the ego
making society's practices our own
robert white- ego is steer head organism--ego independent energy |
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Term
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Definition
aide ego in its synthetic function
synthetic function of the ego
no one ever achieves full synthesis
assimilate small portions of the id into ones life |
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Term
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Definition
transference (old templates to new relationships)
counter-transference (relate to patient)
repetition compulsion- bring old conflicts to here and now |
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Term
| key therapeutic components in psychoanalytic therapy |
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Definition
re-experiencing, area of safety
neutrality and equidistance
avoid "either/or" thinking
the therapist analyses |
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Term
| carl jung's economic model |
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Definition
limited amount of psychic energy, closed system energy doesnt come in or get out
libido: all of our psychological energy (not just sexual or aggressive)
value: higher value- more investment of energy in certain area
inflation (directing libido to object) and deflation (taking energy away from object)
progression- 2 opposing psychological structure competing for energy. struggle to create a balance
regression: new experiences are allowed to be created as the opposing thoughts fade away
canalization: psych energy out of self to another aspect of ourselves through the use of symbols
psychological health: ability to decide which archetypes we will devote our libido towards |
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Term
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Definition
| the energy in the psychological system that fuels all activity |
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Term
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Definition
principle of equivalence- energy is conserved so libido withdrawn from one system will flow to another
entropy principle:psychic energy seeks a balance, flowing from stronger structures to weaker ones |
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Term
| psychological types (jung) |
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Definition
attitudes: stable, individual differences
without inherent value
two attitudes:
1. introversion (direct energy inward)
2. extraversion (direct energy outward) |
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Term
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Definition
dominant (thinking or feeling) vs auxiliary (sensing or intuition)
judging (rational) thinking or feeling
perceiving (irrational) sensing or intuitive
myers-briggs type indicator |
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Term
| jungs eight psychological types |
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Definition
1. extravert thinking
2. extravert feeling
3. extravert sensing
4. extravert intuitive
5. introvert thinking
6. introvert feeling
7. introvert sensing
8. introvert intuitive |
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Term
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Definition
a-casual events
synchronicity- mental event corresponds in time with event in real world
time and space are not linear
a-causal connecting principle psyche can travel through time and space
different causes to different events |
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Term
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Definition
process by which we develop our personality
individuation as differentiation and integration
filling archetypes with experiences
self realization and teleology
the transcendent function
symptoms: psyche's calling toward individuation
takes a lot of courage to move towards balance
society: doesn't allow us to balance all aspects of the psyche |
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Term
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Definition
make explicit the deep root bet the ego and the self
assimilation and integration
symbolism and consciousness- retrospective (material and efficient causes) and prospective (what symbols are telling us we should move towards) analysis
therapeutic techniques- amplification (really experience neurosis) and active imagination (guided, active fantasies) |
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Term
| analytic psychotherapy stages |
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Definition
confession
elucidation (inner dynamic to outside world)
moves beyond just coping towards psychological growth
education
transformation |
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Term
| modern schools of psychoanalysis |
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Definition
orthodox freudian theory: focus is on drives. libido is energized by sexual and aggressive drives
ego psychology: hartmann, kris, lowenstein, rappaport way in which ego regulates development and behavior. phase 1 and 3 of freud
object relations theory: interactions with people play a more importnat role than freud's followers thought
self psychology: american variant (mirroring, twinship and idealizing) |
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Term
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Definition
harry stack sullivan and melanie klein
drives for sex and aggression are directed toward others. from birth satisfy drives through primary caretakers not just any object
inherent aggressive tendency
etiology of pathology: interpersonal dynamics are the root |
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Term
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Definition
play therapy
pre ordained needs sex and aggression satisfied by interpersonal relationships (aggressive comes from thanatos)
london psychoanalytic society: independents
british object relations school mix of the two, believed the child wasnt in distress at birth
revisions to libido: ego has its own independent source of energy and can use it to regulate the psyche, not pleasure seeking but object seeking
repetition compulsion: not an attempt to satisfy drives but an attempt from libido to reconnect with primary caretaker |
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Term
| winnicotts object relations theory |
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Definition
early mother child relationship. learn about child psyche by analyzing adults
state of chaos and unintegration, at birth the infant i not an individual
mother child dyad
primary maternal peoccupation. allows mother to be fully in tune with infant's needs
provide a holding environment for the child's psyche |
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Term
| insensitivity to child's needs |
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Definition
non responsiveness
intrusion
impingement- mother satisfies the wrong need
if the mother is insensitive the child looses track of own needs and attempts to satisfy the mothers needs |
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Term
| false self disorder (winnicott) |
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Definition
true self- sensitive environment, child takes initiative, sensitivity to others and develops a sense of awareness
false self: inability to satisfy needs
develops from child's attempt to satisfy the mothers needs
lack o vitality, one is not one's self, inability to be alone |
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Term
| good enough parenting (winnicott) |
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Definition
grandiose desires
empathic failures, mother's cathexis progressively move to the world again
transitional experience from subjective omnipotence to objective reality
self soothing and hallucination
good enough parenting allow person to develop a true self |
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Term
| transitional objects (winnicott) |
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Definition
child develops ability to satisfy his own needs by projecting soothing characteristics of the mother onto objects in his control.
reach a state of self sufficiency |
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Term
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Definition
function is to pick up where development was stalled, reawaken the true self
characteristics: therapists creates a responsive environment. no traditional therapeutic boundaries, spontaneous therapist very responsive to patient's feelings
supporting child's experiences to get the needs satisfied
involved a lot of play |
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Term
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Definition
importance of interpersonal relationships through his clinical work.
miss f was a complicated patient, made demands and complained about kohut
he interpreted this as transference, replaying childhood experience
transference: clients attempt to satisfy unsatisfied needs by therapists. pathology arises y trying to satisfy these needs.
the SELF IS AT THE CENTER. oriented towards growth reaches out to the world to get needs satisfied by others |
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Term
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Definition
grandiose-exhibitionistic need
child needs to feel great, important wonderful
self esteem
narcissism if it is not satisfied |
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Term
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Definition
a caregivir with power or ability
internalize the ideals and values of that parent
promotes inspiration |
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Term
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Definition
alter-ego need
a sense of belongingness, being close to someone |
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Term
| kohut- the importance of need satisfaction |
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Definition
false self disorders if there is no need satisfaction
the child learns to satisfy its own needs by transmuting internalization, we learn what to do from our parents |
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Term
| kohut's therapeutic technique |
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Definition
healthy: move from dependence to self sufficiency
therapy: empathic concern, no need gratification
empathy satisfies the mirroring need |
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Term
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Definition
selfe esteem, sense of belonging, empathic reasoning, not the therapist's job to satisfy needs but to really isten to the pain in the patient's life. the patients comes to feel appreciated and understood
this process have a curative impact |
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Term
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Definition
a framework for explaining some phenomenon
provides testable models of some observation, generate hypotheses
theories are falsifiable and parsimonious
founded on certain assumptions
they are modifiable |
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Term
|
Definition
a set of over arching theoretical assumptions
a theory of theories
used to account for, synthesize and reduce theories to a simpler, more useful framework |
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Term
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Definition
concerns the organization of theoretical frameworks
theories have different foci, assumptions, and rules of evidence
the study of the nature and the strcuture of psychological theories and of the relations between facts and theories |
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Term
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Definition
how science gets done, knowledge doesnt progress through linear accumulation of knowledge
rather, through establishing paradigms through which people view the world and conduct research
science includes competing ways of organizing them |
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Term
| paradigms or disciplinary matrices |
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Definition
generally accepted set of assumptions agreed upon by the scientific community
allows for organization and simplification
paradigm shifts: periodic revolution in the nature of scientific enquiry |
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Term
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Definition
psychology to ban all references to consciousness
theory as procrustean bed |
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Term
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Definition
grand theories in psychology
practical role as frameworks for understanding and intervention
differ in: the facts they take interest in, the methods used to collect facts, level of analysis at which they operate, what they view as causes or explanations, prescriptions as to how to intervene |
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Term
| aristotelian view of causes |
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Definition
aitia:
the reason or cause, aitia bore responsibility for some event's occuring
four causes
material (reference to material make up)
efficient (preceding sequence of events)
formal (pattern of events over time)
final (end or goal) |
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Term
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Definition
-mechanism (reductionism)
material and efficient causality
teleology: stress on final causality |
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Term
| 1st millenium of western science |
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Definition
scholastics adopted aristotelian views
truth as deduction from scripture
deity teleology- based n God's design and intentions, responsible for geocentric theory |
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Term
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Definition
god doesnt need to be final cause of behavior, aka dr miabillis
knowledge by observation and controlled experimentation |
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Term
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Definition
knowledge is power
material and efficient causes
allowed modern day reductionism to take shift |
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Term
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Definition
mind outside of body, nothing ut machines
reflex arc model
hydraulics
stimulus response
pineal gland |
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Term
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Definition
materialism determinism
biological make up of the organism \
no need for final causes |
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Term
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Definition
reductionist views of behavior
stimulated or inhibited |
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Term
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Definition
behavior controlled by genetics and environmental history
no place for intentions or purpose |
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Term
| descartes non reductionist |
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Definition
animals have a soul, humans have a rational sould, capacity for choice
for human evil |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
immanuelkant
organizing constructs, no knowledge based on senses alone
"cause" itself is an organizing construct
knowledge as synthetic understanding
it is more than power and control |
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Term
| modern constructivist theories |
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Definition
abstract concepts as organizers
exampleS: mendel's gene, quarks , unconscious complex |
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Term
| developments in life science |
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Definition
mechanistic view- helmholtz
vitalist- vital principle distinct from physiochemical forces
the vitalist lost because you cant prove it
organismic views emerged from the debates |
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Term
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Definition
properties unique to animate life
negentropy, emergent phenomena, hierarchical systems, downward causation, self organization (autopoiesis) |
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Term
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Definition
free will is entirely compatible with a brain
psychodynamic models, existential-phenomenological, client centered approach, self determination theory |
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Term
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Definition
studied with eugen bleuer (schizophrenia)
very strongly introverted, solitary life, mother undependable and father undependable
attended medical school, (when young he made himself sick to avoid going to school)
stopped doing it hne he realized it was hurting his family more than it was benefiting himself |
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Term
| word association technique |
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Definition
combined freud's theory of repression and jung's interest in empirical pychology
long response time- underlying psychic issue |
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Term
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Definition
set of emotionally charged ideas in the unconscious independent of each other , pressing for conscious recognition
aim of therapy: full realization of personality |
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Term
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Definition
in 1907 became friends, freud appointed him to take over when he died
Conflicts:
-they didn't see eye to eye on sexual hypothesis of drives
-freud saw jung as his son, not his equal
- jung believed in paranormal events and he thought anyone could externalize internal energy to affect the environment. |
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Term
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Definition
teleologist (focused on aims)
-structure and function of the psyche-tried to find the frontiers of psyche (map the psyche)
-use of constructs (abstract ideas)-subject to reification (object was perceived as having more spatial information than what was actually there)
developed topographical, structural and economic models |
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Term
| Jung's topographical model |
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Definition
-conscious (similar to freud's conscious and preconscious)
-personal unconscious (analogous to freud's unconscious) pre-verbal, not able to symbolize it
-collective unconscious: one of his greatest achievements, innate and pre-determined
persistent across time and cultures
highly repressed |
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Term
| archetypes of the collective unconscious |
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Definition
typical models of apprehension, foundations, or "attractors" in psyche
primordial images, mythological motifs, dream symbols
archetypes are universal, automatically activated by our experiences
they are empty but are filled up by experiences when we devote energy to a certain archetype
(mother, hero archetypes) |
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Term
| Jung's structural model- the ego |
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Definition
representations and feelings about one's self
the gatekeeper and coordinator of consciousness
mediates between the collective unconscious and the self or between the external world and the self |
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Term
| Jung's persona (structural) |
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Definition
the mask shown outwardly to others
mediates between the ego and the external world
can differ in type and function from individual to individual
type: extrovert or introvert
function: intuition, feeling, thinking or sensing
problems arise when people forget who they are and think they are the persona |
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Term
| Jung's shadow (structural) |
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Definition
often the first archetype encountered during analysis
'negative' side of the personality
hidden from others,
exists both in the personal and collective unconscious
excessive repression of the shadow blocks us from complete self knowledge |
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Term
| the anima and animus (structural- jung) |
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Definition
anima: personification of all feminine tendencies within a man
animus: personification of all masculine tendencies within a woman
more accessible than the shadow
they draw their power from the collective unconscious, but are shaped by the person's experiences
three components:
1. innate, unconscious predisposition for imaging contra-sexually
2. images and symbols of femininity/masculinity that are culturally transmitted thorugh mythology, art, fairy tales
3. personal experience with opposite sex |
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Term
| the self archetype (jung's structural model) |
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Definition
-mandala
-the self:
original totality:unifying center, organizing archetype,
teleological qualities: organization and wholeness as its aim
mandalas are symbols of the self, integration and wholeness
if ego and self are too separate the one lacks vitality, creativity, spirit |
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Term
| Grof's psycholytic studies (ACID) |
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Definition
stanislav grof
realms of human unconscious, transpersonal psychology
altered state of consciousness to promote healthy growth and insight,
LSD : non-specific catalyst of unconscious material. culmination by death/ re-birth |
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Term
| Grof's psycholytic studies (ACID) |
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Definition
stanislav grof
realms of human unconscious, transpersonal psychology
altered state of consciousness to promote healthy growth and insight,
LSD : non-specific catalyst of unconscious material. culmination by death/ re-birth |
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Term
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Definition
deprive brain of oxygen, get to an altered state of consciousness
regression to trauma |
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