Term
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Definition
| Return of behavior that is typical of earlier stages of development. |
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Term
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Definition
| Refusal to recognize a threatening impulse or desire. |
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Term
| What is Reaction Formation? |
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Definition
| Behaving in a way that is the opposite of one's true wishes or desires to keep these repressed. |
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Term
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Definition
| Imposing one's own impulses or wishes onto another person. |
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Term
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Definition
| Freud's term for the psychic structure existing in the unconsiousness that contains our basic animal drives. |
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Term
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Definition
| Freud's term for the sychic structure that arganizes ways to handle delays of gratification. |
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Term
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Definition
| Freud's term for the psychic structure that corrresponds to an internal moral gaurdian or conscience. |
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Term
| What is collective unconsiousness? |
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Definition
| In Jung's theory a part of the mind containing ideas and images shared among humankind that have been transmitted genetically from ancestral humans. |
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Term
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Definition
| Relatively enduring personal characteristics. |
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Term
| What are cardinal traits? |
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Definition
| All port's term for the more pervasive dimentions that define an individual's general personality. |
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Term
| What is the five factor model? |
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Definition
| This is the dominant contemporary trait model of personality. It consts of five broad factors: neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. |
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Term
| What is self-actualization? |
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Definition
| The motive that drives individuals to express their unique capabilities and fulfill their potentials. |
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Term
| What is unconditional positive regard? |
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Definition
| Valuing another person as having intrinsic worth, regardless of the person's behavior at the particular time. |
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Term
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Definition
| The now discredited view that one can jedge a person's character and mental abilities by measuring the bumps on their head. |
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Term
| What are cardinal traits? |
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Definition
| Dominant personality traits. What a person is known for. |
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Term
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Definition
| Projective test items containing cues that elict certain answers. |
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Term
| What is the Diathesis-stress model? |
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Definition
| It is a theory that explains behavior that relates to biological and genetic factors. |
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Term
| What is Longitudinal Method? |
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Definition
| This is allowing to observe changes in the same indeividuals over time. There are limitations: time consuming, costly, loss of participants, and potential generalization problems. |
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Term
| What is the Germinal stage? |
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Definition
| This is from fertilizaton to the implation in the wall of the uterus. |
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Term
| What is the embryonic stage? |
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Definition
| This is from implantation to about the 8th week of pregnancy. |
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Term
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Definition
| This begins around the 9th week and continues until birth. |
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Term
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Definition
| These are harmful angents that will have a negative effect on the baby. |
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Term
| What are an example of the harmful angents? |
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Definition
These are Infecctionus diseases-mental retardation or transmitted diseases.
Smoking-high rist infant mortality and low weight babies.
Alcohol and Drugs- can lead o Fetal Alcohol syndrom. Developmental delays |
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Term
| What do newborns have at birth? |
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Definition
| Basic touch reflexes and sucking reflexes to eat. |
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Term
| What does maturation determine? |
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Definition
| Physical growth and development, but environmental factors also play a role. |
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Term
| What changes between birth and adulthood? |
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Definition
| Brain quadrules in volume, Formation of synapses between neurons, Myelination occurs- a protective layer around the synapses that help information travel quicker. |
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Term
| What are the abilities in infants when it comes to VISION? |
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Definition
They have about 20/400 vision at birth
Preferences for face-like patterns.
Takes a month to visually track a moving object.
Color vision develops by 8 weeks.
Depth perception develops by around 6 months.
Slowest to develop |
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Term
| What are the abilities in infants when it comes to HEARING? |
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Definition
They's sensitive to sounds within frequency of human voice.
Can discern mother's voice from other voices.
By several months can discriminate between various speech sounds.
As young as 2-4 months can distinguish the pitch and tempo of music. |
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Term
| What are the infant's abilities when it comes to SMELL? |
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Definition
| At 5-6 days they can detect mother's odor. |
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Term
| What are the infants' abilities when it comes to TASTE? |
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Definition
Can discriminate among different tastes.
Shows preferences for sweetness. |
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Term
| What are the three general temperaments? |
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Definition
| Easy, difficult, and slow-to-warm up |
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Term
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Definition
| They are playful, have positive responses, and adapt easily to changes. Quick to develop easy sleeping adn feeding scedules. 40% of children are this. |
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Term
| What are Difficult children? |
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Definition
| react negatively to new situations, irritable, difficult to establish easy sleepign and feeding schedules. 10% |
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Term
| What are slow-to-warm-up children? |
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Definition
| lower activity levels and require more time to adjust; react to unfamiliar situations by becoming withdrawn. 15% |
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Term
| What is temperament shaped by? |
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Definition
| Both by nature and nurture. Also perdicts later differences in adjustment. |
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Term
| What are the different types of attachment in infants? |
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Definition
Secure (Type B)
Insecure-avoidant (Type A)
Insecure-resistant (Type C)
Disorgnaized/Disoriented (Type D) |
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Term
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Definition
| The combination of all psychological characteristics and behavior patterns thaat define an individual and characterize the ways in which that individual relates to the world and adapts to demands. |
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Term
| Self-efficacy can handicap performance when it leads to....? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the earlies idea regarding abnormal behavior? |
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Definition
| That supernatural forces were at work. |
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Term
| A socioculutral theorist might explain a person's depression as due to? |
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Definition
| Poverty and lack of opportunity |
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Term
| What is the general relationship between diathesis and stress? |
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Definition
| The stronger the diathesis, the less stress is needed to produce the disorder. |
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Term
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Definition
| Two more mental disorders in a person at the same time. |
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Term
| What is dissociative amnesia? |
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Definition
| A loss of memory with no identifiable physical cause. |
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Term
| The phrase la belle indifference describes which feature of asychological disorder? |
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Definition
| The tendency for people with conversion disorder to be unconcerned about their symptoms. |
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Term
| What is seasonal affective disorder? |
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Definition
| Major depression that occurs repeatedly during fall and winter, followed by elevated mood in spring and summer |
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Term
| A mood disorder characterized by milder mood swings than bipolar is called...? |
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Definition
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Term
| Depression is linked to the imbalance of which two neurotransmitters? |
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Definition
| Norepinephrine and serotonin |
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Term
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Definition
| Perceptions that occur without appropriate external stimuli |
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Term
| What is the major function of the prefrontal cortex? |
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Definition
| Keep information in mind, organize thoughts and behavior, and formulate and carry out plans. |
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Term
| What is waxy flexibility a feature of? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of home did an anti-social person most likely grow up in? |
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Definition
| Neglect, abuse, and lack of warmth |
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Term
| In response to a person who speaks of suicide, how should you respond? |
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Definition
| Discuss other ways for the person to solve her or his problems. |
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Term
| What is observed in a longitudinal study? |
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Definition
| People of the same age are observed at multiple time points. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| An unlearned response to a particular stimulus |
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Term
| What was the Strange Situation developed to study? |
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Definition
| Attachment in human infants. |
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Term
| What is the most effective parenting style? |
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Definition
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