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Psy 1
first exam
91
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
09/12/2012

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
what is psychology?
Definition
study of behavior and mental processes
Term
what are the 4 frames of mind when studying psychology?
Definition
critcal thinking, skepticism, objectivity, and curiosity
Term
Structuralism
Definition
Wundt's approach to discovering basic elements of mental processing. "What"
Term
Functionalism
Definition
not what mind is, but what it is for. purpose of mind and behavior in individuals adoption to enviorment. "Why"
Term
Biological approach
Definition
focuses on body especially brain and nervous system.
Term
neuroscience
Definition
study of nervous system
Term
behavioral approach
Definition
observable behavioral responses and their enviormental determinants. 
Term
phychodynamic approach
Definition
emphasizes unconcious thoughts such as biological drives (sex drive)
Term
humanistic approach
Definition
emphasizes persons positive qualities, freedom to chose own destiny
Term
cognitive approach
Definition
mental processes in knowing, how we direct attention, remember, think. 
Term
evoluntionary approach
Definition
evolutionary ideas such as adaption, reproduction and natural selection.
Term
sociocultural approach
Definition
way enviorments influence behavior
Term
psychologists specilazations
Definition
psychological, sensation, learning, cognitive, developmental, motavation and emotion, woman and gender, personality, social, industrial (HR, Leadership), clinical, health.
Term
step 1: observing phenomenon
Definition
see something in world and want to know. ideas that attempt to explain observations.
Term
Step 2: hypothesis and predictions
Definition
prediction of theory
Term
step 3: testing through emperical research
Definition
concrete way to measure variables of interest
Term

Step 4: drawing conclusions

Step 5:evaluate theory

Definition
theories can only be changes by multiple scientists, step 5 goes forever, only one.
Term
desricptive resaearch
Definition
dtermines dimensions of phenomenon defining everything
Term
observational research
Definition
take notes on observable things ex. kids on playground
Term
surveys
Definition
interview people directly
Term
case studies
Definition
study individuals life and events that happened
Term
correlation research
Definition
examines relationship between variables. purpose to see whether and how the 2 variables change. 
Term
3rd variable problem
Definition
theft, robberies in summer not related to ice cream that ice cream makes people steal.
Term
longitudinal designs
Definition
observational, multiple waves of variables of interest. ex. nuns happiness over time
Term
external validity
Definition
degree to which experimental design reflects real world issues
Term
internal validity
Definition
degree to which changes of dependent variable due to manipulatio of independent variable
Term
demand characteristics
Definition
how they communicate how they want them to act
Term
complexity
Definition
billions of cells allow us to do everything
Term
integration
Definition
pulls info together
Term
apaptibility
Definition
adapt to new conditions
Term
electrochemical transmission
Definition
message travels electronically, delivers cemically
Term
afferent nerves
Definition
info to brain
Term
efferent nerves
Definition
info out of brain
Term
peripheral division
Definition
connects brain and spinal cord to other parts
Term
somatic divsion
Definition
info about pain, temp, tells muscles what to do
Term
autonomic division
Definition
info to body organs to control breathing, digestion
Term
sympathetic division
Definition
arouses the body
Term
parasympathetic division 
Definition
calms the body
Term
neurons
Definition
handle info processing
Term
glial cells
Definition
support neurons so they keep living. (role players)
Term
cell body
Definition
nucleus, directs shit for neuron growth
Term
dendrites
Definition
treelike looking, recieve info then take it to nucleus
Term
axon
Definition
transfers info to other cells
Term
myelin sheath
Definition
fat cells encase axons
Term
volatage in membrane for potential action?
Definition
goes from -70 mV to 50 mV
Term
Neural impulse
Definition
ion channels open to let opposites attract. once it reaches threshold, there is no going back. 
Term
synapses and neuro transmitters
Definition
like aisle of the wave, wave doesnt touch, but it still can communicate through aisle
Term
acetylcholine messanger
Definition
stimulates firing neurons, involved in muscle, learning, memory
Term
GABA mess.
Definition
like brake pedal, stops firing
Term
glutamate mess.
Definition
excites neuron to fire; involved in learning, memory
Term
norepinephrine mess
Definition
involved in stress;excites heart; teams up for sleep
Term
dopemine mess
Definition
voluntary movement; mood attention
Term
serotonin mess.
Definition
regulates mood, attention, learning
Term
oxytocin mess
Definition
experience of love and social bonding; orgasmic pleasure and emotional attachment
Term
neural networks (translator)
Definition
nerve cells that integrate sensory inputs to motor outputs
Term
enclorine system
Definition
system that regulates activities of certain organs by releasing chemical products into bloodstreams
Term
glands
Definition
organs or tissue that control body functions
Term
hormones
Definition
chemical messangers produced by glands
Term
pituitary gland
Definition
controls growth and regulates other glands
Term
adrenal glands
Definition
regulates mood, energy levels, copeness with stress
Term
pancreas
Definition
endocrine system function; relates to metabolism, body weight
Term
brain lesoining
Definition
deficences in brain (stroke head injury)
Term
Electrical recording
Definition
electroids placed on head sometimes to measure happiness
Term
brain imaging
Definition

PET scan- technique working on mental imagery

fMRI- can see active brain activity

Term
hindbrain
Definition
skulls rear;medulla, cerebellum, and pons
Term
brainstem
Definition
brain area that connects to spinal cord
Term
medulla
Definition
breathing heart rate
Term
pons
Definition
connect cerrebellum and brain stem
Term
cerrebellum
Definition
motor coordination
Term
mid brain
Definition
relays info between brain eyes, ears
Term
reticular formation
Definition
patterns and behaviors such as sleeping and walking
Term

limbic system

amygdala

hippocampus

Definition

a- discrimination of objects, foods, mates, social rivals

h- storage of memories

Term
thalamus
Definition
relay station
Term
basal ganglia
Definition
controls voluntary coordinate movements
Term
hypothalamus
Definition
eating drinking sex
Term
cerebral cortex
Definition
outer layer of brain (thinking planning)
Term
temporal lobes
Definition
involved in hearing, language, memory
Term
frontal lobes
Definition
personallity, intelligence
Term
parietal lobes
Definition
spatial location, attention, motor control
Term
somatosensory cortex
Definition
processes info about body sensations
Term
motor cortex
Definition
processes info about voluntary movement
Term
association corex
Definition
highest intellectual functions, thinking, problem solving
Term
brona's area (left)
Definition
important role in speech
Term
wernickle's area (left)
Definition
understanding language, hear but dont process
Term
corpus callosum
Definition
bundle of axons that connect 2 hemisperes
Term
left side of brain
Definition
all language, basic puzzles
Term
right side brain
Definition
word recognition, meanings of stories, song melodies, spatial perception, recognition, emotion. tell a joke in left persons ear
Term
left brained and right brained
Definition

l-logical, rational

r-creative,artistic

Term
collateral sprouting
Definition
axons of healthy neurons expand to nearby damages ones
Term
substituion of function
Definition
dmaged region's function taken over by other part
Term
neurogeneis
Definition
new neurons are made
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