Abductor Pollicis Longus

Origin: posterior surface of middle of radius/ulna, interosseous membrane

Insertion: first metacarpal

Abducts/extends thumb, abducts hand

Adductor Brevis

Origin: pubis

Insertion: linea aspera of femur

Adducts, medially rotates, flexes thigh

Adductor Longus

Origin: pubis

Insertion: linea aspera of femur

Adducts, flexes, medially rotaes thigh

Adductor Magnus

Deep

Origin: ischium/pubis

Insertion: lines aspera of femur

Adducts/medially rotates thigh

Biceps Brachii

Origin: two points on scapula

Insertion: radial tuberosity

Flexes/supinates forearm, flexes arm

Biceps Femoris

Origin: ischial tuberosity & linea aspera of femur

Insertion: head of fibula & lateral condyle of tibia

Flexes leg, extends thigh

Brachialis

Deep to biceps brachii

Origin: anterior distal humerus

Insertion: proximal ulna

Flexes forearm

Brachioradialis

Origin: distal humerus

Insertion: styloid process of radius

Flexes forearm

Deltoid

Origin: posterior scapula, anterior clavicle

Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Medial fibers abduct arm; anterior fibers flex/medially rotate arm; posterior fibers extend/laterally rotate arm

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

Origin: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

Insertion: second metacarpal

Extends/abducts hand

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus/posterior border of ulna

Insertion: fifth metacarpal

Extends/adducts hand

Extensor Digiti Minimi

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: tendon of extensor digitorum on fifth phalanx

Extends proximal phalanxe of little finger/hand

Extensor Digitorum

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: distal/middle phalanges of each finger

Extends distal/middle phalanges of each finger, proximal phalanx of each finger/hand

External Oblique

Origin: laterally on lower ribs

Insertion: medially on iliac crest/linea alba

Rotation of trunk if one side contracts; flexion of vertebral column if both sides contract; compression of abdomen

Fascicle

Group of muscle fibers

Surrounded by perimysium

Fibularis Brevis

Origin: body of fibula

Insertion: fifth metatarsal

Everts/plantar flexes foot

Fibularis Longus

Origin: lateral condyle of tibia/head of fibula

Insertion: first metatarsal/cuneiform

Everts/plantar flexes foot

Flexor Carpi Radialis

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: second/third metacarpals

Flexes/abducts hand

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus/superior posterior border of ulna

Insertion: pisiform/hamate/base of fifth metacarpal

Flexes/adducts hand

Flexor digitorum profundus

Deep

Origin: anterior medial surface of body of ulna

Insertion: base of distal phalanx of each finger

Flexes distal/middle phalanges of each finger, proximal phalanx of each finger/hand

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna, ridge along lateral margin or anterior surface of radius

Insertion: middle phalanx of each finger

Flexes middle phalanx of each finger, proximal phalanx of each finger, hand

Gluteus Maximus

Origin: ilium, sacrum

Insertion: gluteal tuberosity of femur

Extends/lateraly rotates thigh

Frontalis

Raises eyebrows

Gastrocnemius

Origin: distal posterior femur

Insertion: calcaneus via achilles tendon

Plantar flexes foot, flexes leg

Gluteus Medius

Origin: posterior ilium

Insertion: greater trochanter of femur

Abducts/medially rotates thigh

Gluteus Minimus

Origin: posterior ilium

Insertion: greater trochanter of femur

Abducts/medially rotates thigh

Gracialis

Origin: pubis

Insertion: medial surface of proximal tibia

Adducts thigh, flexes leg

Infraspinatus

Origin: infraspinous fossa of scapula

Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus

Laterally rotates/adducts arm

Internal Oblique

Deep

Origin: laterally at iliac crests

Insertion: medially at linea alba, lower ribs

Rotation of trunk if one side contracts; flexion of vertebral column if both sides contract; compression of abdomen

Latissimus Dorsi

Origin: lower thoracic vertebrae

Insertion: anterior proximal humerus

Adducts, extends, medially rotates arm

Latissimus Dorsi

Origin: lower thoracic vertebrae

insertion: anterior proximal humerus

Adducts, extends, medially rotates arm

Masseter

Origin: maxillae/zygomatic bones

Insertion: mandible

Elevates/protracts mandible

M Line

Line in middle of sarcomere

Muscle Fiber: muscle cells, individually surrounded by endomysium

Obicularis Oculi

Encircles each eye

Closes each eye as in blinking

Obicularis Oris

Encircles mouth

Puckers mouth

Palmaris Longus

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: flexor retinaculum, palmar aponeurosis

Weakly flexes hand

Pectoralis Major

Origin: clavicle, sternum, upper ribs

Insertion: laterally on greater tubercle of humerus

Flexes, adducts, medially rotates arm

Pectoralis Minor

Origin: medially on upper ribs

Insertion: laterally on scapula

Depresses, protracts scapula

Platysma

Origin: fascia of chest/deltoid

Insertion: mandible/skin below mouth

Depresses lower lip/mandible, tenses neck skin

Rectus Abdominis

Origin: pubis

Insertion: superiorly on lower ribs/xiphoid process

Flexes vertebral column, compresses abdomen

Rectus Femoris

Origin: anterior ilium

Insertion: tibial tubersoity via patellar ligament

Flexes thigh, extends leg

Rhomboid Major

Origin: upper thoracic vertebrae

Insertion: vertebral border of scapula

Elevates, adducts, inferiorly rotates scapula

Rhomboid Minor

Origin: lower cervical, upper thoracic vertebrae

insertion: vertebral border of scapula

Elevates, adducts, inferiorly rotates scapula

Sartorius

Origin: ilium

Insertion: medial body of tibia

Flexes leg, flexes/laterally rotates thigh

Semimembranosus

Origin: ischial tuberosity

Insertion: medial condyle of tibia

Flexes leg, extends thigh

Semitendinosus

Origin: ischial tuberosity

Insertion: medial side of body of tibia

Flexes leg, extends thigh

Soleus

Origin: head of fibula, proximal medial tibia

Insertion: calcaneus via achilles tendon

Plantar flexes foot

Sternocleidomastoid

Origin: sternum, clavicle

Insertion: mastoid process of temporal bone

Rotates head to opposite side if one contracts, flexion of head if both contract

Supraspinatus

Origin: supraspinous fossa of scapula

Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus

Laterally rotates, adducts arm

Temporalis

Origin: temporal bone

Insertion: mandible

Elevates/retracts mandible

Tensor Fascia Latae

Origin: iliac crest

Insertion: proximal lateral tibia via iliotibial tract

Flexes/abducts thigh

Teres Major

Origin: inferior posterior surface of scapula

Insertion: anterior proximal humerus

Extends, adducts, medially rotates arm

Tibialis Anterior

Origin: lateral condyle of tibia

Insertion: first metatarsal, cuneiform (a tarsal)

Dorsiflexes, inverts foot

Tibialis Posterior

Origin: superior portion of posterior tibia/fibula

Insertion: medially on inferior surface of several tarsals/metatarsal

Inverst/plantar flexes foot

Transverse Abdominis

Deep

Origin: laterally on iliac crest, cartilages of lower ribs

Insertion: medially at xiphoid process, linea alba

Compresses abdomen

Trapezius

Origin: medially at occipital bone, lower cervical/thoracic vertebrae

Insertion: clavicle/scapula

Superior portion elevates scapula/clavicle, extends head; middle portion adducts scapula; inferior portion depresses scapula

Vastus Lateralis

Origin: proximal femur

insertion: tibial tuberosity

Extends leg

Vastus Medialis

Origin: linea aspera of femur

insertion: tibial tuberosity

Extends leg

Zygomaticus Major

Origin: zygomatic bone

insertion: skin at corners of mouth

Pulls corners of mouth superiorly

Triceps Brachii

Origin: Three points on scapula/posterior humerus

Insertion: Olecranon process of ulna

Extends forearm, extends arm

Sustained Isometric Contraction EMG

Force remains high longer than EMG due to muscle fatigue

Brain is sending fewer action potentials--a neural component to muscle control

Sustained Maximal Contraction EMG

Decrease in EMG is equal to the decrease in force

EMG increases in middle--more difficult to sustain force--muscular component

More motor units needed to maintain the same force

Ramp EMG

Increase in amplitude represents gradual recruitment of more motor units

Psoas Major

Origin: lower vertebrae

Insertion: proximal femur

Flexes thigh

Occipitofrontalis

Draws scalp posteriorly

Levator Scapulae

Origin: upper cervical vertebrae

Insertion: superior portion of vertebral border of scapula

Elevates scapula

Internal Intercostals

Origin: superior border of inferior rib

Insertion: inferior border of superior rib

Pulls ribs down/together to decrease dimensions of thorax during forced expiration

Iliacus

Origin: ilium

Insertion: proximal femur

Flexes thigh

External Intercostal

Origin: inferior border of superior rib

Insertion: superior border of inferior rib

Pulls rib upward/together to expand dimensions of thorax during forced inspiration

Erector spinae

Origins: vertebral processes or ribs

Insertions: superior processes of vertebral column

Contract one side: laterally flex/rotate vertebral column; Both sides contract: extend vertebral column, maintain erect posture

Three types: Iliocostalis group, Longissimus group, Spinalis group

Erector Spinae Muslces

Spinalis closest to spine, Iliocostalis farthest from spine

Diaphragm

Origin: lower ribs, lumbar vertebrae

Insertion: medially at central tendon

During inspiration moves downward in thoracic cavity