Term
|
Definition
| When a president claims prerogative to attach signing statements to a bill and asserts his right to modify implementation or ignore altogether provisions of a new law that encroaches on his constitutional prerogatives as the executive chief or as commander in chief. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A statement issued by the president that is intended to modify implementation or ignore altogether provisions of a new law. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Refers to a presidency in which the president and the executive staff try to extend executive power and influence through unilateral actions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Law that requires the president to inform Congress within forty-eight hours of committing the troops abroad in a military action. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The title that is given to the president by the Constitution and that denotes the president's authority as the head of the national military. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An agreement between the president and one ore more other countries. An executive agreement is not unlike a treaty, but it does not require approval by the Senate. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The president's right to withhold information from Congress and the courts. Presidents assert that executive privilege, nowhere mentioned in the Constitution, is necessary to maintain separation of powers among the branches of the government. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A presidential directive to an executive agency establishing new policies or indicating how an existing policy is to be carried out. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The provision of Article II, Sec 3 of the Constitution instructing the president to "take Care that the Laws are faithfully executed". |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An executive order prohibiting executive employees from communicating directly with Congress. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A presidential directive requiring that all executive agency proposals, reports, and recommendations to Congress - mostly in the form of annual reports and testimony at authorization and appropriations hearings - be certified by the Office of Management and Budget as consistent with the president's policy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A term used to describe government when one political party controls the executive and the other controls one or both houses of the legislative. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A legislative "traffic jam" often precipitated by divided government. Gridlock occurs when presidents confront opposition-controlled Congresses with policy preferences and political stakes that are in direct competition with their own and those of their party. Neither side is willing to compromise, the government accomplishes little, and federal operations may even come to a halt. |
|
|
Term
| State of the Union Address |
|
Definition
| A presidential message to Congress under the constitutional directive that he shall "from time to time give Congress Information of the State of the Union, and recommend to their Consideration such Measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient". |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Presidents "go public" when they engage in intensive public relations to promote their policies to the voters and thereby induce cooperation from other elected officeholders in Washington. |
|
|
Term
| Executive Office of the President (EOP) |
|
Definition
| A collection of agencies that help the president oversee department and agency activities, formulate budgets and monitor spending, craft legislation, and lobby Congress. The major components of the EOP, established in 1939 by FDR, include the White House Office, Office of Management and Budget, National Security Council, and Council of Economic Advisers, among other agencies. |
|
|
Term
| Office of Management and Budget (OMB) |
|
Definition
| The most important agency in the executive office. OMB advises the president on fiscal and economic policies, creates the annual federal budget, and monitors agency performance, among other duties. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Agency in the EOP that serves as the president's personal staff system. Although the entire EOP does the president's business, the White House staff consists of the president's personal advisers, who oversee the political and policy interests of the administration. |
|
|
Term
| National Security Council (NSC) |
|
Definition
| The highest advisory body to the president on military and diplomatic issues. Established in 1947, this agency in the executive office helps the president coordinate the actions of government agencies, including the State and Defense Departments and the Joint Chiefs of Staff, into a single cohesive policy for dealing with other nations. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A bill that has been passed by both the House and Senate and has been sent to the president for approval. |
|
|
