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philosophy:why?
physiology-how? |
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| structuralism-study of structure of consciousness |
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| functionalism-study of functions of consciousness |
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| explains personality, motivation, mental disorders |
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| qualitative vs quantitative research |
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| qualitative explores wile quantitative describes, compares, and tests |
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| middle, use if extreme values are present |
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| looks to find relationships |
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| cause & effect conclusions |
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| the subjects who receive some special treatment in regard to the independent variable |
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| similar subjects who do not receive the special treatment given to the experimental group |
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| occurs when all subjects have an equal chance of being assigned to any group or condition in the study |
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| the probability, if the test statistic really were distributed as it would be under the null hypothesis, of observing a test statistic [as extreme as, or more extreme than] the one actually observed |
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| study of measurements of the human skill |
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| provide structure, insulation |
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| receive, integrate, and transmit info |
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| more positive charge causes firing |
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| absolute refractory period |
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| minimum length of time after an action potential during which another action potential cannot begin |
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| voltage changes at receptor cite: excitatory (more +) and inhibitory (more -) |
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| small knobs that secrete neurotransmitters |
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| neurotransmitters are sponged up |
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| neurotransmitters are broken down |
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| chemicals that transmit information from one neuron to another |
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| inhibit by inhibiting reuptake or by blocking receptors |
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| nerves in brain & spinal cord |
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| peripheral nervous system |
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| all neurons in body minus the brain and spinal cord |
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| thalamus, hypothalamus (survival: fight, flee, feeding, mating) and limbic system |
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| higher cerebral hemisphere |
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| cerebral cortex, cerebral hemisperes, and corpus callosum )communicates the two hemispheres) |
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| hemisphere specialization |
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| left is verbal, right is non-verbal |
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| aspects of experience can sculpt features of brain structure and damage to incoming sensory pathways or destruction of brain tissue can lead to neural reorganization. basically the brain is malleable |
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| sensation is what you get through your senses, perception is how you interpret the sensation |
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| get used to certain sensations over time |
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| energy played on sensory cells |
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| same stimuli can give off different sensations to different people |
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amplitude: wave height and brightness
wavelength: frequency of wave, wave length, hue
purity: saturation |
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| regulates amount of light passing through |
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| tiny spot at center of retina w/ only cones |
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| images projected upside-down; rods are night and peripheral vision; cones are daylight and color vision |
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| dark and light adaptation |
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dark: rods and cones increase sensitivity
light: rods and cones decrease sensitivity |
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| three major feature detectors |
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simple cells: picky about width, orientation, position
complex cells: picky about width, orientation
hypercomplex cells: picky about width |
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| color mixing; 3 kinds of color receptors w/ different sensitivity to different lightwaves |
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| figure/ground, proximity, similarity, closure, continual, common region, connectedness |
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| binocular and monocular cues |
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binocular: retinal disparity, convergence
monocular: linear perspective, relative size, interposition, texture gradient, height in plane, shadowing |
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amplitude: loudness
wavelength: pitch
purity: timbre |
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| ossicles: hammer, anvil, stirrup |
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| one place in membrane of cochlea wold receive pitch |
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| whole membrane of celia vibrated for pitch, but different pitch=different rate of vibration |
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stimilus:soluble chemicals
receptors: olfactory celia |
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stimuli: soluble chemicals
receptors: taste buds/papillae
4 primary tastes: sweet, sour, bitter, salty |
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stimuli: thermal, chemical, mechanical energy
receptors: nerve cells
4 basic skin senses: temperature, pain, pressure, touch |
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| location/position of body parts |
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| body rotation relative to gravity |
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