Term
Mental Representations
1) Analogical
2) Symbolic |
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Definition
1) mental representation that incorporates the PHYSICAL characteristics of the object
2) mental representation of WORDS and ABSTRACT ideas |
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Term
Symbolic Representation
1) defining attributes model
2) prototype model
3) exemplar model |
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Definition
1) features used to determine if an object is a member of a specific category (eg four legs, back, can sit on = chair)
2) where some members of a category are more typical or representative of the category than others
3) no single representation of a concept, instead, a representation is build against exemplars (ie all the examples of category members form the concept) |
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Term
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Definition
a class of schema:
-a sequence of events that should unfold in a given situation
-influence our representation of that event
-dictate "appropriate" behavior
eg going to the movies |
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Term
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Definition
a conclusion is drawn through a set of sequential premises (logic)
eg if A = B and B = C, then A = C |
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Term
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Definition
| general conclusions are drawn based off of a specific observation |
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Term
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Definition
shortcuts used to minimize the amount of thinking when a decision must be made quickly - ie "rule of thumb"
-types: availability, representativeness, confirmation bias, framing effect, affective |
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Term
Heuristics Types:
1)Availability
2)Representativeness
3)Confirmation Bias
4)Framing Effect
5)Affective |
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Definition
1) what easily comes to mind - eg flying vs. driving: choosing to drive even though more dangerous just because 9/11 on tv
2) how similar the object is to the prototype - eg characteristics you look for when hiring a manager
3)using an exception to disprove rule - eg believing a "healthy" 95 year old who has smoked all their life
4) how the information is presented - eg expensive store saying that have a sale looks more appealing than a store that is naturally cheaper without a sale
5) how it will make you feel - humans tend to make decisions that will make them feel good
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Term
Problem Solving:
1) organization of subgoals
2) insight
3) restructuring |
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Definition
how we utilize knowledge to achieve our goals
1) breaking down the strategy into a series of steps
2) the spontaneous realization of a solution to a problem
3) allows us to rebuild a situation in order to identify a solution to the problem |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability to use knowledge, solve problems, understand complex ideas, learn quickly, and adapt to environmental challenges |
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Term
Measuring Intelligence
1) Achievement Tests
2) Aptitude Tests |
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Definition
1) current level of skill and knowledge eg midterms/finals
2) predicting future level of skill eg SAT, MCAT, GRE |
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Term
Measuring Intelligence:
1) Binet-Simon Intelligence Scale
2) Charles Spearman Intelligence Quotient
3) Gardner's Multiple Intelligences
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Definition
1) Intelligence Quotient: mental age/physical age
2) Generally, people who are good at one thing, will be good at other things
3) People have intellectual talents that are independent of one another |
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Term
Intelligence:
1) Fluid
2) Crystallized |
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Definition
1) information processing: reasoning, problem solving, quick and flexible thinking (learning)
2) knowledge acquired through experience, and the ability to use the information (wisdom) |
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Term
Validity of Models of Intelligence:
-Flynn Effect |
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Definition
Worldwide IQ is rising ~3 points per decade
-imperfect correlation between IQ scores and grades
-imperfect correlation between IQ scores and job performance |
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