Term
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Definition
| The capacity of the nervous system to acquire, retain, and retreive usable skills and knowledge, allowing organisms to benefit from experience |
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Term
| 3 Stages of the Temporal Sequence of Memory |
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Definition
1)Encoding: transformation of perceptual experiences into mental representations
2)storage: retention of encoded representations over time (consolidation)
3)Retrieval: recalling/remembering stored information |
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Term
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Definition
| Following damage to the medial temporal lobes(MT), patient HM was unable to form new memories |
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Term
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Definition
| Sensory Input -> sensory memory (unattended info is lost)-> short-term memory(unrehearsed info is lost) -> long-term memory (some info might be lost over time) |
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Term
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Definition
aka "working memory" -very brief duration (200-500msec); includes:
1)Iconic (visual) memory
2)Echoic (auditory) memory
-limited capacity: ~7 units, eg phone number
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Term
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Definition
| an active processing system that keeps different types f information available for current use |
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Term
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Definition
| recording information in the short-term memory for more efficient use |
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Term
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Definition
the tendency to remember words at the beginning (primacy) and end (recency) of a list, not the middle |
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Term
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Definition
Long-term Memory
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Explicit Memory Implicit Memory | | | | Episodic Semantic Procedural Reptition Priming |
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Term
| Explicit vs. Implicit Memory (Long-term) |
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Definition
Explicit Implicit
Declarative (eg dates) Procedural (eg bike riding)
Consciously Accessible Outside of conscious
awareness
effortful Automatic |
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Term
| Explicit Memory: Episodic vs. Semantic |
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Definition
Episodic: Personal experiences (eg graduation)
vs.
Semantic: Knowledge about the world (eg remebering president before current president) |
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Term
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Definition
Automatic:
1) Procedural Memory: muscle memory
2) Repetition Priming: identifying a previously experienced stimulus based on ambiguous info (the improvement in identifying or processing a stimulus that has previously been experienced) |
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Term
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Definition
The transfer of information from short-term to long-term memory (slow assimilation of memory over time)
-sleep: brain takes acquired info and turns it into long-term memory |
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Term
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Definition
| Cognitive structures that help us perceive, organize, process, and use information |
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Term
| Retreival Cues: Encoding Specificity |
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Definition
| encoding a stimulus with an experience can later trigger memory for the exerience (eg taking a test in the same environment as when studying will yield better results) |
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Term
Karl lashley - Engram
-equipotentiality |
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Definition
Biological means of memory storage (single physical location)
-wasn't able to find engram
-equipotentiality: any memory can be stored in any area of the brain
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Term
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Definition
| decay of memories unless info is rehearsed |
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Term
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Definition
| new info can interfere with ability to recall old info & vice versa (old info can info with learning new info) |
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Term
Amnesia
1)retrograde
2)anterograde |
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Definition
deficit to long-term memory
1)can't recall anything for certain length of time
2)events that occur after incident aren't remembered - eg HM |
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Term
Distortions of Memory - Confabulation
-karsakoff's syndrome |
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Definition
falsified episodic memories (that's why eyewitnesses aren't completely reliable)
-damage to MTL caused by insufficient nutrition; leads to amnesia and confabulation |
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Term
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Definition
| incorrect association of an episodic memory with a particular person, event, location, etc. (eg problems with eyewitness testimonies) |
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