150 songs-hymn book of the second temple

pre-exilic?

Additions later abt universal conditions

authorship of psalms

Anonymous

hymns 3-41 may be written for or by David

Gunkel- Form critical method

Individual Lament

(Songs of Sadness)

Intro: Questions to God(Why Me?), Rference to grace or mercy

Body: Account of distress (ILLNESS OR PERSECUTION), miscarriage of justice, Theodicy(declare innocent), Acknowledge guilt(god's mercy)

Conclusion: affirmation of faith

Gunkel- Form critical method

Communal Lament

Intro:Reference to God, petitions for help, declare innocence

Body:distress (NATURAL DISASTER or ENEMY)

Conclusion:Affrimation of faith

Gunkel- Form critical method

Individual songs of Thanksgiving

intro:Acknowledgement of graditude, purpose(to thank god)

body:narrative account of deliverance, "already occured"

Conclusion: Affrimation of faith

Gunkel- form critical method

Communal songs of Thanksgiving

Intro:Acknowledgements of Graditude, purpose(to thank God)

Body:Narrative Accounts of deliverance,"already occurred"

Conclu:Affrimations of faith

Gunkel- Form critical method

Wisdom Psalm

different for others

-no clear structure

-no clear setting

-no clear purpose

Songs 1,37,49,73

-common theme of theodicy

- affirms divine retribution

Response

Acknowledgement of God's past blessings

Retribution

Wisdom Traditon

Books found in the protestant canon

Proverbs

Job

Ecclesiastes

Wisdom Tradition

Books found in the Roman Catholic Canon

Proverbs

Job

Ecclesiastes

Sirach

Wisdom of Solomon

ANE wisdom tradition

wide spread activity

sages(teacher)

scribes(teacher)

employed in the royal courts or early school settings

ANE Wisdom Tradition

Relationship to the OT

Genres:proverbial sayings, collection(ex.proverbs), instructions( exertations & admonitions), didactic narrative

Settings:royal court, folk tradition, religous institution(later on)

Intent:teach morality

religous faith and moral conduct

Wisdom

HOKMAH

1.technical skill- good carpenter or good mason

2. Political acumen

3. Moral insight- awareness of divinely est. moral order

4. personificaion- idea of wisdom (FEMALE PROPHET)

5. superior intelligence 

wisdom

moral insight

act-->consequence(good or bad)

behavior-->blessing/reward

These governed all human relationships

Proverbs

orthodox

conventional

normative

Proverbs affirms divine retribution

intro

collection one

sayings of the wise

 independent

collection two

words of Agur

numerical sayings

words of Lemuel

ideal wife

proverbs

faith (fear of YHWH)

intro ch. 1-9

god created order and working within it

dedicated to Solomon

longer poems expanded by motive clauses

-experience

-office of the given

-revelation- understand moral order

MORAL WORTH IS DETERMINED BY CONSEQUENCE

BAD= PAIN/SUFFERING 

personification- wisdom= FEMALE PROPHET

priest- breaking the 10 commandments

prophet- broken covenant

sage- negative consequences

Values and Virtues

(intro to proverbs)

Choose good friends

avoid evil companions

proper speech-content and timing

respect elders

avoid evil women

Collection I

post exilic collection

2 line proverbs

#1 characteristic of poetry = PARALLELISM

conceptual relationships btwn the two lines

2 line proverbs can....

(Collection I)

state oppsite idea- antithetical

repeat the idea-synomous

enlarge the idea- progressive

Virtues

(Collection I)

Hard work

Frugality

Friendship

Honesty

sage- not to cheat the poor

Copied from AMENEMOPET(Egyptian)

All about Sobriety

Words of Agur

Where is wisdom found?

The Words of Lemuel

not Jewish, from the land of Uz(prologue)

final composition 5-4th century BCE

The Book of JOB

structure

Prologue(prose narrative)

Dialouge(poetry)

Elihu(poetry)

Theophany(poetry)

Epilogue(prose narrative)

JOB's Friends

Comforters

Eliphaz

Bildad

Zophar

These guys don't believe in miracles

He is blameless, upright, fears God, avoids evil

he's rich, religious, and morally perfect

Has 7 sons and 3 daughters 

at the heavenly council

satan(Adversary) wants to tests job's fatih in god

Disinterested piety? What comes first faith or fortune?

God trusts in Job and Allows him to test Job 

Loses his family and fortune

Job passes the test

Didn't sin or curse god

At the Heavenly Council again

Job's Health? Take it away will he curse god

Job gets super sick and still did not curse god

According to the prologue Job is very patient and faithful

Job's Protest

Ch. 3

Sounds similar to Jeremiah

Why was I born?

Orthodox widom

reason for Job's suffering

Personal sin?

Family sin?

Theraputic- make Job stronger?

Innate sin?

Mystery?

Job never doubts in the source of his suffering

Job

Ch. 28,29,30

Challenges god

name the offense or leave him alone

Theodicy- why do bad things happen to good people? no answer

Absence of revelation

Challenge to Orthodox wisdom- unconditional faith

Ecclesiastes

(Qoheleth)

Thought to be Solomon

Former sage

Memoirs

250BCE

found balance btwn experience & tradition

practical agnostic

enjoy life as it comes

Ecclesiastes

influential factors

traditonal orthodox wisdom

greek philosophy- stoicism, epicureanism

helenization

Ecclesiastes

Vanity(Hebel)

Human existence is meaningless

-one fate for everone- death

-no retribution

-no necessary justice

-no divine revelation

-no direction in history

Ruth

Not part of wisdom tradition

Didactive narrative- virtue of loyalty and love

exhibited by a Moabite woman

Protested against jewish particularism

Anachronistic- dates to 4-3rd cent, setting 12-11 cent during the "Judges"

Elimelech and Naomi

Ruth story

from Bethlehem but move to Moab due to the famine

Have two sons and both marry

Elimelechdies and two sons die before they could have chilldren

Naomi decides to go back to Bethlehem to try for a levirate marriage and Ruth decides to go with her

Ruth catches the attention of Boaz while picking grain

Ruth and Boaz end up married and eventually great great grand parents of David