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| A relatively durable social formation which seeks office or power in government, exhibits a structure or organization which links leaders at the center of government to a significant popular following in the political arena. It generates symbols of identification and loyality |
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| long lasting through times |
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| special interest groups (NHRA) influence office holders |
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| exist with lines of authority staff, leaders, and people who contribute |
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| shows how info goes from politicians to u.s. parties held that tie that allows communication between us and the officals |
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| identification and loyalty |
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| how you decide which party you like to think of your party loyalty |
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| Structure of the United States Cont. |
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| separation of powers/checks and balances. federalism. staggered electoral cycles/indirect election and appointment |
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| what makes for a fair election? |
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| citizen participation, no poll taxes, right to assembly and the rest of the 1st amendment |
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| doing the thing you think is right. people obey laws, even the ones they disagree with. you pay taxes because you were represented. we made the laws, participation is key. |
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| when do political parties mobilize the electorate? |
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| if voter turn out is low, then there is no systematic differences between voters and non-voters. if voter turnout is high, then there are no systematic differences between voters+nonvoters. |
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| major theme of electoral systems and political parties |
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| electoral systems are the primary - not sole - determinant of the # and characteristics of parties in a policy. |
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| duverger's law and hypotheses |
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| single member district create 2 party systems |
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| is the set of methods (rules) for translating citizens' votes in to representatives seats |
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| for major attributes that characterize electoral systems |
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| formula. district magnitude. threshold. assembly size |
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| majortarian. proportional representation. semi proportional |
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| the larger the assembly... |
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| small parties can do better. you have a disproportional system at the national level you see proportional seat chairs to elections. Matches national vote return. |
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| other potentionally important electoral systems characteristics. |
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| ballot structure. malapportionment. presidental or parliamentary government - advantage small party systems. thresholds (legal + effective). |
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| founding federalist/democratic - republican era (1789-1824). Jacksonian era (1824-1854). the civil war or first republican era (1854-1896). the second republican system (1896-1928). the new deal era (1928-1968). The post new deal era (1980-today). |
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| away to get people to come vote, largest turn out ever. evoke memories of the civil war. |
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