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PS 114
political science study guide
23
Political Studies
Undergraduate 1
01/27/2010

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Term
theory
Definition
a scientifically acceptable general principle offered to rationally and clearly explain phenomena
Term
paradigm
Definition
patterns used to interpret a particular subject.
assumptions we make about the world we are studying.
Term
states
Definition
the most important actor, the highes authority
Term
anarchy
Definition
characterizes the international system.
Term
self help system
Definition
look out for yourself
Term
Realpolitik
Definition
states should be prepared for war in order to preserve peace
Term
theory and world politics
Definition
help explain causes, effects, and recommendations.
Term
paradigm shift
Definition
powerful theories influence the thinking of the majority for a long time before it is replaced by new theories
Term
state
Definition
an independent legal entity with a government exercising exclusive control over the territory and population it governs.
Term
nation
Definition
a collectivity whose people see themselves as members of the same group because they share the same ethnicity, culture, or language.
Term
levels of analysis
Definition
the different aspects of and agents in international affairs that may be stressed in interpreting and explaining global phenomena
Term
anarchy
Definition
a condition in which the units in the global system are subjected to few if any overarching institutions to regulate their conduct
Term
realism
Definition
a paradigm based on the premise that world politics is essentially and unchangeably a strugglw amound self interested states for power and position under anarchy
Term
power
Definition
the factors that enable one actor to manipulate another actor;s behavior against its preferences
Term
relative gains
Definition
conditions in which some participants in cooperative interactions benefit more than others
Term
balance of power
Definition
the theory that peace and stability are most likely to be maintained when military power is distributed to prevent a single superpower hegemon or bloc from controlling the world.
Term
neorealism
Definition
a theoretical account of states' behavior that explains it as derermined by differences in their relative power within the global hierarchy, defined primarily by the distribution of military power
Term
liberalism
Definition
a paradigm predicated on the hope that the application of reason and universal ethics to international relations can lead to a more orderly and cooperated world.
Term
zero-sum
Definition
an exchange in a purely conflictual relationship in which what is gained by on competitor is lost by the other
Term
neoliberalism
Definition
the "new" liberal theoretical perspective that accounts for the way international institutions promote global change, cooperation, peace, and prosperity through collective programs for reforms
Term
constructivist theory
Definition
emphasizes how the world revolves around social ideas and shared understandings whose impact on world politics is huge
Term
dependency theory
Definition
a theory hypothesizing that less developed countries are exploited because global capitalism makes them dependent on the rich countries that create exploitative rules for trade and production
Term
world system theory
Definition
a body of theory that treats the capitalistic world economy originating in the sixteenth century as an interconnected unit of analysis
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