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| student of capitalism, one of the most influential human political theorists. |
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| economics as primary element of politics |
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| Not a Marxist but Humanist, an idealist interested in/motivated by concerns. |
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| most production occurred within a peasant/landowner context |
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| Needed one another. Owner looked after peasants for economic security & because they knew one another (sometimes for generations). |
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| driving force & efficiency in capitalism |
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| Destroys political, economic & social system. Promoted unsafe working conditions. |
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| Over explotation of workers |
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| means workers cannot afford products, which leads to a fatal reduction in demand for products. |
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| Another word for owners (or capitalists) |
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| factory life / assembly line / great skills broken down into a series of small, simple steps. |
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| Minimal levels of well-being - nutrition, shelter, clothing, health, etc. |
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| Determining Absolute poverty |
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| how much money is required to maintain this level, taking into account family size, age of members and location of residence. |
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| minimal level fluctuates w/ inflation and general standard of living |
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| Psychological impacts of poverty |
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| People develop attitudes of defeat and pessimism and who are therefore excluded from taking advantage of opportunities. |
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| any family income below one-half of the nation's median family income. |
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| Social security administration (figure) |
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| Poverty threshold in 2006 for a family of four |
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| Race w/ highest % of poverty |
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| African Americans with 24.7% |
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| SSA standard is not perfect because... |
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| Does not take account of regional variations in cost of living, SSA standard is adjusted annually according to customer price index. Multiplier of 3 is low. Poor people spend money differently today. |
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| % of people living in poverty |
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| began to grow in the 1980's after a long period of stability |
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| Control 25% of total wealth |
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| control 70% of total wealth & 90% of corporate stock |
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| Poverty in relation to Education |
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| Lack of high school diploma |
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| they are lazy, work-avoiding, welfare dependents |
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| Work full/part time, earn low wages or perform seasonal wages |
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| used by United States. system of democracy, executive branch separate from legislative branch |
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| Used by British/UK. System of democracy, executive branch + legislative branch are together. |
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| Head of legislature, head of govt, unchallengeable power |
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| King/Queen, head of state, only for face value/tradition, generally approve everything |
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| House of lords & house of commons |
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| can delay legislation one year, members called peers, represented the wealthy in the past, power limited greatly since 1911 |
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| Political Parties. Labor (working class, govt. control, unions) vs. Conservative (less govt, entrepreneurial) |
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| UK disciplined political parties |
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| Must vote with your party or get kicked out, must APPLY to be in a party |
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| Term Procedures in reference to Prime Minister |
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| 5 year term (more or less) , can hold election at any time (dissolve parliament), in which case the house of commons are up for grabs (568+/-) |
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| Above political fray, maintains order between parties |
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| Every Wednesday @ noon, opposition poses questions for thirty minutes while public watches. (Includes shouting, yelling) |
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| US can publicly donate $ to causes (political), UK does not have this |
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| Smaller country, much more personal (100+ more members in house of congress than our house of reps), no supreme court/judicial review/constitution/federal system, elections last just 6-8 wks f/ announcement of vote date |
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| characterized by a concentration of power and an intolerance of political opposition |
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| King, Queen have control over all (always one person, family, clique) |
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| Authoritarian come to power through.. |
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| Force or Violence (coup d' etat) - overthrowing existing govt. OR Inheritance from families, maintains continuity and gives the image of stability. |
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| main aim of authoritarian state |
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| Intimidation tactics, harassment, exile, imprisonment, execution |
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| Military control (authoritarian) |
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| Because leaders are in control of both military and police, they make them do their bidding |
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| Censorship (authoritarian) |
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| press cannot accurately portray any problems in society. |
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| Outlaw of opposition parties (authoritarian) |
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| parties whose purpose is to represent the issues of certain individuals and to raise $ are outlawed in most authoritarian countries. EX: Ba'ath party |
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| Rights (determined by) (Auth.) |
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| the govt in power and based on things such as RELIGION + CULTURE |
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| dressed completely covered except eyes because "men cannot help themselves from looking." |
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| Rights (maintained by) (Auth.) |
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| force, torture, imprisonment, death, beheading, stoning |
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| 1000's of women murdered by male family member for "disgracing family name" such as infidelity, flirting, being raped (some killed on just suspicion) |
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| man exempt from prosecution of murder if woman was cheating |
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| UNPF estimates 5,000 women a year |
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| Female Genital Mutilation |
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| Traditional/initiation into adulthood, removal of parts/all of genitalia, 135 million cases, practiced in more than 28 countries in Africa |
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| gives everyone equal chance |
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| two extremes, allows people who don't agree with either a say. Rather than not vote, their vote is heard |
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| more efficient, lower cost |
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