Term
| Eukaryotic cells evolved from the prokaryotic cell some _________-_________ billion years ago. |
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Definition
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Term
| The _________ theory holds that certain eukaryotic organelles (_________ & _________) arose from symbiotic relationships between larger and smaller prokaryotes |
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Definition
1) Endosymbiosis
2) Mitochondria and Chloroplasts |
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Term
Protists are generally _________ or simple _________.
All animal, fungi, and plants evolved from _________ ancestors. |
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Definition
1) Unicellular
2) Multicellular
3) Protist |
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Term
| Protists can be classified on four (4) central characteristics: |
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Definition
1) Body plan
2) Motility
3) Nutrition type
4) Mode of reproduction |
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Term
| Protists can possesses four (4) distinct body plans: |
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Definition
1) Unicellular
2) Colonial
3) Coenocytic
4) Multicellular |
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Term
| Protists possesses three (3) types of locomotion (motility) |
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Definition
1) Pseudopodia
2) Cilia
3) Flagella |
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Term
| Protists can either be _________ or _________ (nutrition type) and can reproduce _________ or _________. |
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Definition
1) Autotrophic
2) Heterotrophic
3) Asexual
4) Sexual |
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Term
| _________ are cytoplasmic extensions used for locomotion. |
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Definition
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Term
| _________ is a relationship (protists) where both partners benefit. |
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Definition
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Term
| _________ is a relationship (protists) where one partner benefits and the other is neither harmed or supported (unaffected). |
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Definition
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Term
| _________ is a relationship (protists) where one benefits (_________) and the other (_________) is harmed. |
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Definition
1) Parasitism
2) Parasite
3) Host |
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Term
| Protists that make nutritive organic compounds using light (_________) are called _________. |
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Definition
1) Photosynthesis
2) Photoautotrophs |
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Term
| Euglena belong to the Phylum _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Dinoflagellates belong to the Phylum _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Diatoms and brown algae belong to the Phylum _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Red algae belongs to the phylum _________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Green algae belong to the Phylum _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| A group of organisms is said to be _________ if the group contains its most recent common ancestor but does not contain all the descendants of that ancestor. |
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Definition
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Term
| The protist kingdom has a _________ phylogeny. |
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Definition
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Term
| Algae have chlorophyll _________, _________ pigments, storage products (_________), a method of locomotion (_________) and can be _________ or _________. |
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Definition
1) a
2) Accessory pigments
3) Starch
4) Flagella
5) Unicellular or Multicellular |
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Term
| _________ are the primary make up of the phytoplankton in the ocean. |
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Definition
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Term
| _________ is a tiny, free-floating photosynthetic organisms which are the primary producers of marine ecosystems. |
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Definition
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Term
Euglena are plant-like, _________ celled organisms that contain chlorophyll _________ & _________ carotenoids.
_________ of all euglena are photosynthetic.
Euglena can survive after losing _________.
Euglena are also known as _________ due to their disc-like _________.
Euglena store carbohydrates as _________.
The outer covering of a euglena is called the _________ and it is composed of _________ and is very flexible.
Euglena have _________ flagella; the _________ is nonfunctional. |
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Definition
1) Single
2) a & b
3) 1/3
4) Chloroplasts
5) Discicristates
6) Mitochondria
7) Paramylon
8) Pellicle
9) Protein
10) Two (2)
11) Short |
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Term
| What is the outer covering in Euglena made up of? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does Euglena store carbohydrates? |
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Definition
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Term
| Does euglena have flagella? |
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Definition
| 1) Yes, two (2). The longer one is functional while the short is not |
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Term
Dinoflagellates are mostly _________ and are sometimes _________.
An example of a dinoflagellate is a _________.
Dinoflagellates have _________ flagella that beat in a way that causes a _________ motion.
Dinoflagellates have a _________ cell wall, as the alveoli contain interlocking cellulose plates impregnated with _________.
Most dinoflagellates are photosynthetic and contain chlorophyll _________ & _________ carotenoids.
Dinoflagellates can be _________(glowing).
Dinoflagellates usually store energy reserves as _________ or _________.
Dinoflagellates often have occasional population explosions which cause _________ _________ - massive fish deaths. |
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Definition
1) Unicellular
2) Colonial
3) Zooxanthellae
4) Two (2)
5) Spiral
6) Cellulose
7) Silicates
8) a & b
9) Bioluminesecent
10) Oils or polysaccharides
11) Red tides |
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Term
| How do dinoflagellates store energy? |
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Definition
1) Oils
2) Polysaccharides |
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Term
| What are red tides and how are dinoflagellates responsible for it? |
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Definition
| 1) Red tides are massive fish deaths that occur when coastal waters alter to orange, red, or brown colors. The red tides are caused by population booms or explosions in the dinoflagellates. |
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Term
Diatoms are mostly _________ although a few are _________.
The cell wall consists of two shells that overlap and _________ is deposited in the shell.
Most diatoms reproduce _________ by _________ and when it divides the two halves of its shell separate and each becomes the larger half of the new diatom shell.
However, when diatoms reach a fraction of their original size, _________ reproduction occurs
When diatoms die their shells trickle to the bottom of the ocean floor and accumulate in layers that eventually become _________ rock (_________ earth) and the oil they produce provides _________ and _________ for the diatom; _________ deposits for humans. |
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Definition
1) Unicellular
2) Colonial
3) Silica
4) Asexually
5) Mitosis
6) Sexual / Meiosis
7) Sedimentary
8) Diatomaceous
9) Buoyancy
10) Storage
11) Petroleum |
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Term
| Why are diatoms considered major components of petroleum deposits? |
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Definition
| 1) When diatoms die their shells trickle to the bottom of the ocean floor where they accumulate in layers that eventually become sedimentary rock (diatomaceous earth) and the oil they produce contribute to petroleum deposits. |
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Term
| Compare the cell wall in diatoms with that in dinoflagellates. |
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Definition
| 1) The cell wall of diatoms consists of two shells that overlap with silica on the shell; in dinoflagellates alveoli within the cell wall become impregnated with silica. |
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Term
Brown algae are the largest and most complex of all algae; commonly called _________.
All brown algae are _________ and range in size from a few centimeters to _________ meters.
Brown algae are anchored by _________ and grow to great heights.
They contain chlorophyll _________ & _________ carotenoids.
_________, the largest brown algae, possesses a _________ and _________ appearance and are known as the "forest of the sea."
The cell walls of brown algae are composed of _________.
Their cell walls also contain a polysaccharide called _________ which is sticky and is used as a thickening and stabilizing agent in ice cream, toothpaste, shaving cream, hair spray, and hand lotion.
The main energy storage of brown algae is a carbohydrate called ________.
If consumed, brown algae are an excellent source of _________. |
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Definition
1) Seaweeds
2) Multicellular
3) 75
4) Holdfasts
5) a & b
6) Kelps
7) Cellulose
8) Algin
9) Laminarin
10) Iodine |
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Term
| What is the cell wall of brown algae composed of? Is that of any relevance to humans? |
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Definition
| 1) The cell wall of brown algae is composed of cellulose; however, a sticky polysaccharide called algin is used as a thickening and stabilizing agent in ice cream, toothpaste, shaving cream, hair spray, and hand lotion. |
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Term
| Which mineral would you get from consuming brown algae? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does brown algae store energy? |
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Definition
| 1) Brown algae store energy as a carbohydrate called laminarin |
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Term
Red algae are primarily _________ although some are _________.
Red algae contain chlorophyll _________ & _________ carotenoids along with _________ (red pigment) and _________ (blue pigment).
Red algae store energy as _________ starch (polysaccharide similar to _________).
The cell walls of red algae are made of _________; however, they often contain a stick polysaccharide called _________ which is used as a food thickener and culture medium. _________ is also used as a food additive to stabilize chocolate milk and provide thick creamy texture to ice cream and other soft processed foods.
Red algae are a source of vitamin _________ & _________ minerals.
_________ red algae have _________ _________ in their cell walls and are extremely important in building coral reefs.
Most red algae exhibit in _________ of _________.
Red algae have no _________ cells. |
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Definition
1) Multicellular
2) Unicellular
3) a & b
4) Phycoerythrin
5) Phycocyanin
6) Floridean
7) Glycogen
8) Cellulose
9) Agar
10) Carrageenan
11) A & C
12) Coralline
13) Calcium carbonate
14) Alteration of generations
15) Flagellated |
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Term
| What is the cell wall of red algae composed of? Is that of any relevance to humans? |
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Definition
| 1) The cell walls of red algae are composed of cellulose; however, a sticky polysaccharide called agar is also present which functions as a food thickener and culture medium. Carrageenan is used as a food additive to stabilize chocolate milk and to provide thick creamy texture to ice cream and other soft processed foods. |
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Term
| Which vitamins would you get from consuming red algae? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does red algae store energy? |
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Definition
| 1) Red algae stores energy as floridean starch, a polysaccharide similar to glycogen. |
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Term
| What is alternation of generations? |
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Definition
| 1) Alteration of generation is when an organism spends part of their life as a multicellular haploid organism and another part as a multicellular diploid organism. |
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Term
Green algae can be found as _________ cells, _________ forms, _________, _________ filaments, and _________.
Green algae contain chlorophyll _________ & _________ carotenoids.
They store energy in a form of _________.
Green algae primarily have cell walls composed of _________ although some lack cell walls.
Multicellular forms of green algae do not have cells differentiated into _________ a characteristic that separates them from land pants.
Reproduction in green algae is both _________ and _________ depending on the body form.
Green algae are ecologically important as _________. |
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Definition
1) Single
2) Colonial
3) Coenocytic
4) Multicellular
5) Sheets
6) a & b
7) Starch
8) Cellulose
9) Tissues
10) Asexual and Sexual
11) Producers |
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Term
| How does green algae store energy? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is green algae different from land plants? |
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Definition
| 1) Unlike land plants, green algae multicellular forms do not have cells differentiated into tissues. |
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Term
| What is the cell wall of green algae made up of? |
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Definition
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Term
| _________ are responsible for red tides. |
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Definition
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Term
| _________ store carbohydrates as paramylon. |
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Definition
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Term
| _________ cell wall consists of two shells and have silica deposited into the shell. |
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Definition
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Term
| _________ stores carbohydrates as laminarin. |
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Definition
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Term
| _________ have agar in their cell walls. |
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Definition
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Term
| _________ contributes to petroleum deposits. |
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Definition
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Term
| _________ if consumed provide us with vitamins A and C and some minerals. |
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Definition
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Term
| _________ have flexible protein covering called pellicle. |
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Definition
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Term
| _________ can be bioluminescent. |
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Definition
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Term
| _________ an algae that has chloroplasts, phycoerythrin, and no flagellated cells. |
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Definition
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Term
| _________ algae that anchor to holdfasts and grow to great heights in the sea. |
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Definition
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