Term
| What does "protein" mean? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what are some biological functions of proteins? |
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Definition
| enzymes, antibodies, transport, regulatory, structural |
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Term
| What are the protein building blocks? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do alpha-amino acids contain? |
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Definition
| an amine and a carboxylic acid group |
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Term
| How many amino acids are common in natures? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the alpha indicate? |
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Definition
| the amine is adjacent to the carboxylate group |
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Term
| How many of the alpha amino acids are stereoismers? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which amino acid is not a stereoisomer? |
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Definition
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Term
| What shape do proteins take? |
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Definition
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Term
| What isomers are proteins usually formed in? |
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Definition
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Term
| At physiologic pH the amino acid has.... |
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Definition
| carboxylate group, amino group, neutral molecule |
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Term
| What charge does the carboxylate group have? |
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Definition
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Term
| What charge does the amino group have? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Basic amino acid structure |
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Term
| Amino acids are white crystalline solids with ___ melting points and ___ water solubilities |
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Definition
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Term
| By changing the ____ you can affect the net charge on the zwitterions |
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Definition
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Term
| The pH points at which there is no net charge on the zwitterions is called the _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Amino acids are split into 3 groups, which are they? |
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Definition
| Polar Neutral, Charged, and Nonpolar Hydrophobic |
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Term
| Abbreviation for: Alanine |
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Definition
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Term
| Abbreviation for: Arginine |
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Definition
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Term
| Abbreviation for: Asparagine |
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Definition
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Term
| Abbreviation for: Aspartate |
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Definition
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Term
| Abbreviation for: Cysteine |
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Definition
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Term
| Abbreviation for: Glutamic Acid |
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Definition
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Term
| Abbreviation for: Glutamine |
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Definition
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Term
| Abbreviation for: Glycine |
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Definition
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Term
| Abbreviation for: histidine |
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Definition
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Term
| Abbreviation for: Isoleucine |
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Definition
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Term
| Abbreviation for: Leucine |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Abbreviation for: Methionine |
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Definition
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Term
| Abbreviation for: Phenylalanine |
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Definition
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Term
| Abbreviation for: Proline |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Abbreviation for: Threonine |
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Definition
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Term
| Abbreviation for: Tryptophan |
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Definition
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Term
| Abbreviation for: Tyrosine |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the subclasses of hydrophobic amino acids? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 2 aromatic hydrophobic amino acids? |
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Definition
| Phenylalanine and Tryptophan |
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Term
| What are the 7 alkyl hydrophobic amino acids? |
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Definition
| glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, proline, and methionine |
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Term
| What are the three subclasses of polar neutral amino acids? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 hydroxyl polar neutral amino acids? |
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Definition
| serine, threonine, tyrosine |
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Term
| Which polar neutral amino acid has a cyclic molecule? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a thiol molecule? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the thiol amino acid in the polar neutral amino acids? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two amide polar netural amino acids? |
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Definition
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Term
| How are the two charged amino acids subdivided? |
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Definition
| negative, positive, carboxyl, and amine |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two negatively charged amino acids? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two carboxyl group charged amino acids? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 amine charged acids? |
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Definition
| lysine, arginine, histidine |
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Term
| What are the 3 positively charged amino acids? |
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Definition
| lysine, arginine, histidine |
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Term
| Proteins are linear polymers of __-alpha-amino acids |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ group of one amino acid is linked to the _____ group of another amino acid |
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Definition
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Term
| The linkage in a peptide bond is.... |
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Definition
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Term
| Amion acid with a free alpha-NH3+ group is the _______ _______ amino acid |
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Definition
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Term
| The N-terminal is short for what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Amino acid with a COO- group is the ______ _______ amino acid? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the C-terminal short for? |
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Definition
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Term
| How are amino acid structures written? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is the alpha helix formed? |
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Definition
| The C=O bonded to the N-H combine the H and O |
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Term
| The train of amino acids is known as what? |
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Definition
| Primary structure of proteins |
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Term
| A result of covalent bonding between teh amino acids |
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Definition
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Term
| When the primary sequence of the polypeptide folds into regularly repeating structures... |
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Definition
| secondary structure is formed |
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Term
| How is the secondary structure formed? |
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Definition
| hydrogen bonding between the amide hydrogens and carbonyl oxygens of the peptide bonds |
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Term
| What is the most common type of secondary structure? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the shape of the alpha helix? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHere does the Carbonyl O link to? |
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Definition
| amide H 4 amino acids away |
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Term
| H bonds are ____ to the long axis of the helix |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is the repeat distance or pitch? |
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Definition
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Term
| How amino acids per turn in an alpha helix? |
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Definition
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Term
| Fibrous proteins are arranged in what secondary structure? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the second most common secondary structure? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two possible orientations for beta-pleated sheets? |
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Definition
| parallel and antiparallel |
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Term
| How is an parallel beta-pleated sheet formed? |
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Definition
| N-termini are head to head |
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Term
| Hos is a antiparallel beta-pleated sheet formed? |
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Definition
| N-terminus of one chain is aligned with the C-terminus of the other |
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Term
| What shape do tertiary structures usually take? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is the shape of a tertiary structure maintained? |
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Definition
| interactions among the side chains or R groups |
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Term
| Which structure defines the biological function of proteins? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the interactions maintaining tertiary structures? |
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Definition
| disulfide bridges, salt bridges, hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions |
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Term
| What is a disulfide bridge? |
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Definition
| bond between two cysteine molecules |
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Term
| How is a salt bridge formed? |
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Definition
| between ionic sides chains -COO- and NH3+ |
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Term
| How is a quaternary structure formed? |
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Definition
| aggregation of several globular peptides |
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Term
| What is a subunit of a quarternary structure? |
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Definition
| polypeptide chain having primary, secondary, and tertiary structural features that is a part of a larger protein |
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Term
| What is the secondary structure of collagen? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the tertiary structure of collagen? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three components of hemoglobin? |
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Definition
| alpha-chains, beta-chains, and heme groups |
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Term
| What is a conjugated protein? |
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Definition
| Proteins that interact with other chemical groups |
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Term
| What are the 6 types of conjugated proteins? |
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Definition
| nucleo-, lipo-, glyco-, phospho-, hemo-, metallo- |
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Term
| What is the prosthetic group of nucleoproteins? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the prosthetic group of lipoproteins? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the prosthetic group of glycoproteins? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the prosthetic group of phosphoproteins? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the prosthetic group of hemoproteins? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the prosthetic group of metalloproteins? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an example of a nucleoprotein? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an example of a lipoproteins? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an example of a glycoproteins? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an example of a phosphoprotein? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an example of a hemoprotein? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an example of a metalloprotein? |
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Definition
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Term
| What functions do fibrous proteins have? |
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Definition
| mechanical strength, structural components, movement |
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Term
| What functions do globular proteins have? |
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Definition
| transport, regulatory, and enzymes |
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Term
| What is the role of myoglobin? |
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Definition
| oxygen storage protein of skeletal muscle |
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Term
| Which has a stronger attraction for oxygen, myoglobin or hemoglobin? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the oxygen binding site in the heme group? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many molecules of oxygen can each hemoglobin subunit hold? |
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Definition
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Term
| Denaturation does not affect which structure? |
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Definition
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Term
| How would you break up a protein into amino acids? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does hydrolysis occur? |
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Definition
| changes in pH, enzymes, temperature |
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Term
| How does denaturation occur? |
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Definition
| temperature, heavy metals, detergents, organic solvents, mechanical stress |
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Term
| What are teh dietary purposes of proteins? |
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Definition
| oxidize to provide energy, biosynthesis |
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Term
| What are the 8 essential amino acids? |
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Definition
| isoleucine, leucine, lycine, methionine, phenyalanine, threonine, tryptophan, valine |
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Term
| What are the 12 non essential amino acids? |
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Definition
| alanine, arganine, asparagine, aspartate, cysteine, glutamate, glutamine, glycine, histidine, proline, serine, tyrosine |
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Term
| What is another name for glutamate? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is another name for aspartate? |
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Definition
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