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Protein
Protein: Amino Acids
27
Nutrition
Undergraduate 3
02/25/2014

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Cards

Term
Amino acid structure
Definition
Amino group
Acid group
Side group varies
Term
# of amino acids
Definition
9 essential (cannot make or cannot make enough)
11 nonessential
Term
Essential amino acids
Definition
Histidine
Isoleucine
Leucine
Lysine
Methionine
Phenylalanine
Threonine
Tryptophan
Valine
Term
What links amino acids
Definition
Peptide bonds
Linked with H2O, condensation
Term
types of peptides
Definition
Dipeptide contains 2 amino acids
Tripeptide contains 3 amino acids
Polypeptide contains >3 amino acids
Term
4 Structure classifications of proteins
Definition
1st: Sequence
2nd: Shape, sheets or helices (electrical attraction)
3rd: Tangles (hydrophobic, hydrophilic)
4th: Polypeptide interaction to form functional protein
Term
Denaturation
Definition
Disrupts stability, uncoils protein, causes it to lose shape. HCL, heat, heavy metal
Term
Digestion and absorption in stomac
Definition
HCL denatures and turns pepsinogen into pepsin.
Pepsin cleaves proteins into smaller polypeptides and into amino acids
Term
Digestion and absorption in SI
Definition
Proteases cut polypeptides.
Peptidases cut them into single amino acids. By the end, all amino acids are absorbed
Term
Protein synthesis in body
Definition
DNA transcribed to RNA which is translated to a protein.
AKA gene expression
Term
Roles of proteins
Definition
Structure: Collagen
Enzymes: Catalysts
Hormones
Fluid balance: Proteins attract water
pH balance: Buffers
Transporters: Hemoblobin, lipoproteins, pumps.
Antibodies
Energy/glucose: gluconeogenesis
Term
Deaminating amino acids
Definition
Stripped on Nitrogen containing amino group. Leaves ammonia and keto acid
Term
Nitrogen balance
Definition
N in = N out
Positive N: N in > N out
Negative N: N in < N out
Term
Other amino acid uses
Definition
Neurotransmitters like Serotonin
Fat when there is excessive protein
Melanin
Throxin
Term
Urea excretion
Definition
Amino acids in blood enter liver. Liver converts Ammonia to urea. Urea leaves liver, enters blood then to kidneys where it is filtered and excreted
Term
Protein quality Factors
Definition
1. Digestability (animal 95%, plant 70%)
2. Amino acid composition
3. Reference protein
Term
Hartnup Disease
Definition
Autosomal recessive. Can't transport trptofane which is associated with Niacin deficiency. Treatment is high protein diet or nicotinic acid
Term
Cystinuria
Definition
Losing cystine. Precipitates at a low pH. Kidney stones cannot reabsorb what to do with excretion. Treatmen is low protein diet
Term
Phenylketonuria PKU
Definition
Can't handle
causes brain damage
Term
Methylmalonic acidemia
Definition
Neurological manifestations
restrict protein
Term
High quality protein
Definition
Dietary proteins containing all the essential amino acids. In relatively the same amounts that we require. May also contain non-e
Term
Complementary proteins
Definition
Two or more proteins, whose amino acid assortments complement each other in such a way that the essential amino acid missing from one are supplied by other.
Term
Health effects of protein
Definition
Animal protein intake and heart disease
Veggie protein improves BP, blood lipids and decreases HR, homocystine
Term
Osteoporosis
Definition
Due more to lack of calcium than to excess protein
Term
Weight
Definition
Don't push protein at the expense of nutrient rich fruits and veggies
Term
Protein deficienc
Definition
Slow growth, impaired brain and kidney function, poor immunity.
Heart disease correlation, homocystine levels: oxidative
Term
Homocystinuria
Definition
Vision problems
Skeletal abnormalities
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