Term
| 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) |
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Definition
| region between 5'-end and the initiation codon |
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Term
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Definition
| RNA interaction that that provides additional stability, minor groove edge of an adenine is inserted into the minor groove of a neighboring helix, and forms hydrogen bonds w/ one or both of 2'-hydroxyls of G-C base pair |
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Term
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Definition
| aminoacyl-tRNA binding site |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| assist with adding amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain, act through repeating three step cycle |
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Term
| eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) |
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Definition
| at least twelve in eukaryotes that assist in initiating translation |
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Term
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Definition
| contains N-formylmethionine, used as first amino acid in bacterial translation, and may be used in growing polypeptide |
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Term
| hybrid-states translocation model |
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Definition
| N-acetyl-Phe-tRNA binds to P-site and CCA_OH end of deacytelated tRNA moved to E-site. Hybrid state: anticodon end in 30S P-site and CCA_OH end bound to 50S E-site |
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Term
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Definition
| assists in setting reading frame by binding initiator tRNAs to ribosomes as start codons |
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Term
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Definition
| eukaryotic: charged with unformylated methionine, bacterial: charged with formulated methionine |
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Term
| internal ribosome entry site (IRES) |
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Definition
| allow ribosomes to assemble at an internal site, usually in 5'-UTR |
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Term
| N-formylmethionine (fMet) |
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Definition
| methionine with a formyl group that prevents it from being incorporated into a polypeptide chain at C-terminus |
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Term
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Definition
| peptidyl-tRNA binding site |
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Term
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Definition
| amino group of amino acid attached to A-site tRNA initiates nucleophilic attack on carbonyl group so tat the tetrahedral reaction product rearranges to produce a peptidyl-tRNA at the A- that has a new amino acid at its carboxyl terminal end and unchanged tRNA at P-site |
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Term
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Definition
| antibiotic structurally similar to tyrosyl-adenosine group at 3'-end of Tyr-tRNA, can be used as substrate in place of aminoacyl-tRNA at A-site which leads to peptidyl transferase transferring peptidyl group to it => early termination |
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Term
| ribosome-nascent chain complex (RNC) |
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Definition
| nascent polypeptide chain emerging from ribosomal polypeptide exit tunnel |
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Term
| ribosome release factor (RRF) |
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Definition
| translation factor required for bacterial ribosomal complex to disassociate during recycling stage |
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Term
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Definition
| region in the 5'-UTR that influences translation initiation of mRNA according to the way it folds |
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Term
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Definition
| purine-rich sequence in mRNA interacts w/ 16S rRNA anti-Shine-Dalgarno (anti-SD) sequence, ribosome binding site |
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Term
| transfer-messenger RNA (tmRNA) |
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Definition
| RNA molecule required to rescue stalled ribosomes, functions as both tRNA and mRNA, encodes a degradation tag |
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