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| Preparatory statements which lay out one's presuppositions and outline of discussion. "pro" (before) "legomena" (speaking) |
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Assumptions made about a given subject which affect interpretation.
"pre" (before) "supposition" (thinking) |
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The synthesis of all one's presuppositions which provide over-arching principles of interpretation (based on religion, temperament, gender, race, social status, age, experiences).
"Meta" (grand) "narrative" (story) |
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| "A scheme that ties together the varied experiences we have and serves as the frame of reference that enables us to function" (Erickson) The most preferable world view is the one which most adequately explains the greatest amount of verifiable human observations. |
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Up until 1800AD
Belief in the supernatural. Teleological nature of the universe. Basic realism: The world exists objectively independent of human perception. Correspondence theory of truth. Referential theory of language: language has legitimate meaning outside of language itself. |
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| Innovation: Rejected a belief in the supernatural, acknowledging causes behind the events of human history but not purposes. |
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(Discourse of the Method, 1637)
Descartes sought to reject all ideas that could be doubted (ex. hyperbolical/ metaphysical doubt, methodological skepticism) and sought to substantiate them again on rational grounds. |
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| Kant said that authority rested in the "basic moral instincts" of humans. God can't be studied by theoretical ("pure") reason, but belief in His ultimate justice in the afterlife is necessary to maintain morality so the mind invents Him. |
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| A full-throated denial of modernistic liberalism insisting on the verbal, plenary inspiration of Scripture. |
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| (crisis theology) Advocates of neo-orthodoxy like Karl Barth reacted against Schliermarcher, stressing God's transcendence and man's absolute dependence on divine revelation. The Bible is fallible witness to divine revelation, though it contains factual errors of science, history, and world view because of its humanness. The Bible 'becomes' the Word of God when the Holy Spirit uses it to reveal Himself to human beings. |
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| (1990-Present) Thomas Oden said modernity lasted from the "fall of the French Bastille to the fall of the Berlin Wall" (1789-1989). The locus of truth became one's own community which results in relativism and pragmatism. |
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| History's pattern was not determined by a divine plan, nor was if found "within historical events and sequence themselves", but its meaning was derived entirely from the interpretations of its observer. |
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| The aspect of theological studies which examines the progressive understanding of theology throughout the era of the church and focuses on the socio-cultural contexts out of which various theologies have developed. |
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| "Traces the historical development of a doctrine and the way in which one's place at some point in that historical development affects one's understanding and application of that particular doctrine. Biblical theology also focuses on the understanding of each doctrine that the biblical authors and their original hearers or readers possessed." (Grudem) |
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| It combines the findings of all other branches of theology to form a coherent system of the entirety of Christian doctrine. It is the "final product of God's self-revelation." |
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| A coherent and intelligible explanation of and argumentation for the key tenets of the doctrines of historic Christianity. |
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"God's communication of himself to all persons at all times and in all places through observing the various external aspects of nature and internal aspects of conscience.
Rom 1:18-20
1. God is eternal 2. He is very powerful 3. God is sovereign |
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| "God's particular communications and manifestations of himself to particular persons at particular times, communications and manifestations that are available now only by consultation of certain sacred writings." |
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| Denoting God's control over the very words selected by the human authors. This was concursive (God placed His ideas in the minds of Biblical authors as they wrote.) |
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| Denoting God's inspiration of the entirety of Scripture (the Bible does not simply contain the inspired Word of God plus extraneous material). |
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| Denoting the Bible's consistency and accuracy in everything it affirms, extending not only to matters of the salvific faith, but also to facts and perspectives pertaining to science, history and world view. |
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| God oversaw the process of the writing of Scripture to ensure complete accuracy in the recording of His revelation. |
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| Referring to the original work written by a Scriptural author in contrast to the apographs (copies of the originals). Technically speaking, inspiration only applies to the autographs; however, the apographs have derived authority to the extent that they accurately reflect the autographs. |
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| Espoused that the Bible did not have a supernatural origin but simply recorded the natural evolution of the Judeo-Christian faith. Therefore, the task of the theologian was not simply to explain Biblical teachings but to decipher truth from error within the Bible. |
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| Francis Bacon and Issac Newton |
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| The use of empirical observation through the "scientific method" was the basis for the acquisition of all knowledge. |
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| 4 external testimonies to the authority of the Bible |
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1. The testimony of history
2. The testimony of prophecy
3. The testimony of changed lives and miraculous answers to prayer
4. The testimony of the human conscience |
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