Term
| what are the components of cell structure in prokaryotes? |
|
Definition
| phospolipid plasma membrane, nucleoid region, cytoplasm, ribosmes, cell wall, capsule, pili, flagellum, DNA |
|
|
Term
| what are the two domains of prokaryotes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do prokaryotic cells lack? |
|
Definition
| membrane bound organelles, compartmentalization, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| by rotating their flagellum, flagella are protein fibers that extend out from the cell |
|
|
Term
| how do prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes? |
|
Definition
| prokaryotes are unicellular, they are capable of forming a biofilm cell size varies, they do not have membrane bound nuclei, they have a single circular chromosome made of DNA in a nucleoid region, accessory DNA molecules called plasmids, binary fission, ribosomes ( differ in structure), simple flagella, |
|
|
Term
| what are the prokaryotic forms? |
|
Definition
bacillus- rodshaped
coccus- spherical shaped
spirillum- long and helical shaped |
|
|
Term
| characteristics of prokaryotes |
|
Definition
unicellularity and can form filaments or iofilms
cell size is 1 micrometer or less
lack of chromosomes
extra DNA called plasmids
cell division by binary fission
no membrane bound organelles, certain enzymes on part of membrane
endospores, flagella,
metabolic diversity- domain is more diverse with different methods of gaining energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| photoautotrophs, chemolithoautotrophs, photoheterotrophs, chemoheterotrophs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cell feeder, obtain carbon from inorganic CO2, they get there energy from sunlight |
|
|
Term
| chemoautotrophs (chemolithotrophs) |
|
Definition
| obtain carbon from inorganic CO2 and obtain energy from inorganic chemicals, make thier own food, they are found in hydrothermal vents, use H2S for energy. ex. nitrifying bacteria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| obtain carbon from organic molecules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| obtain carbon from organic molecules, get energy from sunlight |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| obtain carbon from organic molecules, obtain energy from organic molecules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
methanogens- methane gas, cow digestive systems, chemoheterotrophs
extremophiles- like extreme conditions
1. heat- thermophile
2. acid- acidophile (no competitors)
3. salty- (halophiles)
non extreme archaebacteria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| peptidoglycan made of protein and carbohydrates. its one layer in |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used to transfer DNA to another bacterium |
|
|
Term
| benefits of prokaryotes decomposers |
|
Definition
| decomposition- if we didnt have bacteria than if something died it would just build up. decomposers are chemoheterotrophs they break down the organism and organic molecules to release the nutrients |
|
|
Term
| benefits of prokaryotes nitrogen fixation |
|
Definition
| without nitrogen fixing bacteria, we wouldn’t be able to break triple covalent bonds, only organisms that can break this are nitrogen fixing bacteria, they are the start of the nitrogen cylce and convert N2 into ammonia and then into a useable form for plants and other photosynthesizers. If we didn’t have nitrogen fixing bacteria we wouldn’t have amino acids. nucleotides, made up from DNA, proteins, ATP. without nitrogen there would be no ATP. without bacteria to break the nitrogen apart we wouldn’t have a lot of things. |
|
|
