Term
|
Definition
| powerful organizations that used both legal and illegal methods to get their candidates elected to public office. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| highlights the inequality between wealthy business owners, who profited from the Industrial Revolution, and workers who often labored under terrible conditions for little pay. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
political machine leaders.
traded favors for votes.
Much support from immigrants. Popular because of services provided. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| members of Tammany Hall rewarded their supporters with about 12,000 jobs. As boss of Tammany Hall, William Marcy Tweed may have stolen up to $200 million from the city. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| big problem in the federal government. During Grant's second term, officials jailed for taking bribes from whiskey makers in exchange for allowing them to avoid paying taxes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the practice of giving jobs to the winning candidates' supporters (Thomas Jefferson started it). Many unqualified and untrained. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Rutherford B. Hayes made minor reforms like firing political machine member.
James A. Garfield attempted but was shot twice by unstable Charles Guiteau. |
|
|
Term
| Vice President Chester A. Arthur |
|
Definition
| Took over Charles. Pushed for reforms by backing Pendleton Civil Service Act. |
|
|
Term
| Pendleton Civil Service Act |
|
Definition
| (1883) set up a merit system for awarding federal jobs and government job applicants had to pass an exam before they could be hired. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a group of reformers working to improve society in late 1800s |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "raked up" society and exposed the muck or filth of society. (child labor, racial discrimination, slum housing and corruption. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Lincoln Steffens wrote about corruption in city government like St.Louis
Ida B. Tarbell wrote about unfair business practices of the Standard |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Progressives started other settlement houses. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
city planning & city engineering.
Planners designed safer buildings and public parks.
Engineers improved transportation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Progressives believed improving edu. = better society.
States passed laws requiring all children to attend school. Started kindergarten programs to teach youngsters. IN 1873 Susan Blow made first public kindergarten. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| help children learn problem solving skills. Teaching methods became model for progressive education across country. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| progressives improved edu. of medical professionals. US lacked well-trained and professionally organized doctors. Researchers knew causes of diseases but few organizations to spread knowledge. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| American Medical Association led by Joseph McCormack brought together local medical organizations in 1901. designed to protect public health. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a measure that ensured the privacy of every voter. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| allowed Americans to vote directly for U.S. senators. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a petition to remove an official before the end of his/her term. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a procedure that allowed voters to propose a new law by collecting signatures on a petition. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| permitted voters to approve or reject a law that had already been proposed or passed by a government body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
city government run like a business.
council - manager governments.
Voters elect a city council, then council picks a manager to run. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| La Follette decreased the power of political machines and used university professors and other experts to help write new laws and work in state agencies. Made available public information on how politicians voted. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a reformer that took a series of jobs in factories and clothing mills around the country. Wanted to investigate working conditions for children. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Boys sold newspapers and shined shoes on the streets. Girls cooked or cleaned for boarders, sow clothes or made handicrafts. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| works to influence legislators in favor of a cause |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In 1912, Massachusetts passed the first minimum wage law and commission was created to establish rates for child workers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In 1916 and 1919 Congress passed federal child labor laws. Laws banned products from one state to another. Supreme Court ruled that laws were unconstitutional. Court argued that laws went beyond the federal government's legal power to regulate interstate commerce. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A NYC clothing factory employed mostly teenage immigrant women. On March 25, a fire started on the 8th floor. Tried to escape but factory owners locked the doors (reduce theft). When firefighters came, 146 people died.
laws improved safety standards. |
|
|
Term
| Workers compensation laws |
|
Definition
| guaranteed a portion of lost wages to workers injured on the job. |
|
|
Term
| Law limiting bakers 10 hour workday. |
|
Definition
| Joseph Lochner challenged NY (bakery owner). Went to Surpeme Court, and court decided states could not restrict rights of employers and workers to enter into any type of labor agreement. |
|
|
Term
| 1908 Muller v Oregon case |
|
Definition
| Court upheld laws restricting women's work hours. Laws protected women health. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| American Federation of Labor led by Samuel Gompers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| economic system in which private businesses run most industries and competition determines the price of goods. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| system in which the government owns and operates a country's means of production. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Led by Eugene V. Debs hoped that the government would protect workers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Industrial Workers of the World (Africans, women, immigrants) organize all workers into one large union that would overthrow capitalism. Frightened many. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Woman's Christian Temperence Union fought for adoption of local and state laws restricting the sale of alcohol. Led by Frances Willard, organization started 10,000 branches (1,000 saloons shut down). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Radical fighter. Stormed into saloons with a hatchet and smashed liquor bottles. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| banned production, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages throughout the US |
|
|
Term
| National American Woman Suffrage Association |
|
Definition
| Founded by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony to promote the cause of women's suffrage. Wyoming allowed women to vote. Colorado, Idaho and Utah followed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| became president of NAWSA demanded equal voice and nothing less. More than 1 million volunteers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| National Woman's Party founded by Alice Paul. Threw parades, public demonstrations, picketing, hunger strikes, and others. Paul and other NWP leaders were jailed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| granting women the right to vote |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| encouraged Africans to improve their educational and economic wellbeing. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| wrote articles about unequal education. Drew attention to lynching (people murdered by mobs instead of receiving a trial). Many death threats forced her to move. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| took direct approach. Believed that African Americans should protect unjust treatment and demand equal rights. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| National Association for the Advancement of Colored People called for economics & educational equality for African Americans. Used Courts. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| made grandfather clauses illegal. These laws were used in the South to keep African Americans from voting. Grandfather clauses imposed strict qualification on voters unless their grandfathers had been allowed to vote. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Formed in 1911 by Dr.George Edmund Haynes that aided many Africans moving from the South by helping them find jobs & houses. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Society of American Indians in 1911. Chinese immigrants attempts. Mexican immigrants poor living conditions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Interests of Businesspeople, laborers, and consumers should be balanced. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Shock of the meatpacking industry from the Jungle resulted in Roosevelt opening an investigation and later convinced Congress to pass a meat inspection law. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prohibited the manufacture, sale and transport of mislabeled or contaminated food and drugs. |
|
|
Term
| Other Accomplishments Roosevelt |
|
Definition
First president using Sherman Antitrust Act to break up monopoly.
1902 coal miners' strike.
Roosevelt helped give 150 million acres of public land and doubled # of national parks. Created 18 monuments and 51 bird sanctuaries. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| protection of nature and its resources |
|
|
Term
| Payne-Aldrich Tariff of 1909 |
|
Definition
| tariff reduced rates on imported goods, but raised others. Wanted all tariffs to be lowered to lower prices for consumers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Aka Bull Moose Party created by Roosevelt. Roosevelt ran for president again but divided the republican vote. Democratic Woodrow Wilson won. (re-election 1916) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| allows federal government to impose direct taxes on citizens' incomes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Law created national banking system called the Federal Reserve to regulate the economy. |
|
|
Term
| Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914 |
|
Definition
| Strengthened federal laws against monopolies. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1914; power to investigate and punish unfair trade practices |
|
|
