Term
Describe the differences between Main Memory and Secondary Memory/Storage. |
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Definition
Main Memory is volatile and is erased when a program terminates or the computer is turned off. It is commonly referred to as RAM or random access memory. Comprised of bits and bytes which are identified by addresses.
Secondary Memory is non-volatile and is retained while a program is not running or is turned off. Comes in many forms such as CDs, DVDs, hard drives, flash drives, etc... |
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Definition
Stands for Binary Digit.
Smallest piece of memory.
Has a value of 0 or 1, also known as "on or off" or "true or false". |
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Definition
8 Consecutive Bits.
Bytes have addresses. |
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Programs that manage the computer's hardware and the programs that run on them, such as operating systems, utility programs and software development tools. |
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Definition
Programs that provide services to the users such as word processors or games. |
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Term
What type of software controls the internal operations of the computers hardware? |
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Definition
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Definition
| A set of well defined steps. |
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Definition
| Code written in binary or 0s and 1s. |
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Definition
Split into 2 categories, High Level which resembles human language and Low Level which resembles numeric language that computers can use. |
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Term
Why must programs written in a high level language be translated into machine language before they can be run? |
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Definition
| Because the computer only processes machine language instructions. |
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Term
Why is it easier to write a program in a high level language than in machine language? |
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Definition
Because high level languages are more like natural or human language. |
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Term
| Explain the difference between an object file and an executable file. |
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Definition
An object file contains machine language instructions, but it does not contain code for any library routines that may be necessary.
An executable file is a program, ready to run. It contains the machine language code translated from the programmer's source file, as well as the code for any necessary library routines. |
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Term
What is the difference between a syntax error and a logical error? |
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Definition
A syntax error is the misuse of a key word, operator, punctuation, or other part of the programming language.
A logical error is a mistake that causes the program to produce the wrong results. |
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Term
Computers can do many different jobs because they can be _________________? |
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Definition
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Term
The job of the ___________ is to fetch instructions, carry out the operations commanded by the instructions, and produce some outcome or result. |
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Definition
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Term
| Internally the CPU consists of _______ & _______. |
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Definition
| Arithmetic Logic Unit & Control Unit |
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Term
| A(n) _________ is an example of a secondary storage device. |
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Definition
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Term
| The 2 general categories of software are ________ & ________? |
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Definition
| System Software (Operating System) & Application Software |
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Term
| A program is a set of _________. |
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Definition
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Term
Since computers can't be programmed in natural human language, algorithms must be written in a(n) __________ language. |
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Definition
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| ___________ is the only language computers really process. |
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Definition
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Term
A program's ability to run on several different types of computer systems is called _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Words that have special meaning in a programming language are called __________. |
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Definition
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Term
Words or names defined by the programmer are called ____________. |
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Definition
| Programmer-Defined Symbols |
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Definition
| The quantity on which an operation is to be done. |
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Term
| ____________ are characters or symbols that perform operations on one or more operands. |
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Definition
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| ___________ characters or symbols mark the beginning or end of programming statements, or separate items in a list. |
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Definition
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Term
| A variable must be __________ before it can be used in a program. |
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Definition
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Term
| A(n) _________ is a named storage location. |
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Definition
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Term
| The rules that must be followed when constructing a program are called ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| The 3 primary activities of a program are _______, _______ & _______. |
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Definition
| Input, Processing, Output |
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Term
| __________ is information a program gathers from the outside world. |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ is information the program sends to the outside world. |
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Definition
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Term
| A(n) _______ is a diagram that graphically illustrates the structure of the program. |
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