Term
|
Definition
| MORALITY IS THE DIFFERENTIATION OF INTENTIONS, DECISIONS AND ACTIONS BETWEEN THOSE THAT ARE GOOD (OR RIGHT) AND THOSE THAT ARE BAD (OR WRONG) A MORAL CODE IS A SYSTEM OF MORALITY, AND A MORAL IS ANY ONE PRACTICE OR TEACHING WITHIN A MORAL CODE. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| IS THE FIELD OF REGULATION OF MEMBERS OF PROFESSIONAL BODIES EITHER ACTING UNDER STATUTORY OR CONTRACTUAL POWERS. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| IS A JUDGEMENT OF THE RIGHTNESS OR WRONGNESS OF SOMETHING OR OF THE USEFULLNESS OF SOMETHING, BASED ON A COMPARASON OR OTHER RELATIVITY. aS A GENERALIZATION, A VALUE JUDGEMENT CAN REFER TO A JUDGEMENT BASED ON A PARTICULAR SET OF VALUES OR ON A PARTICULAR VALUE SYSTEM. A RELATED MEANING OF VALUE JUDGEMENT IS AN EXPEIENT EVAUATION BASED UPON LIMITED INFORMATION AT HAND, AN EVAULUATION UNDERTAKEN BECAUSE A DECISION MUST BE MADE ON SHORT NOTICE. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| IS THE SYSTEM OF PRATICES AND INSTITUTIONS OF GOVERNMENTS DIRECTED AT UP HOLDING SOCIAL CONTROL DETERING AND MIDIGATING CRIME OR SACTIONING THOSE WHO VIOLATE LAWS WITH CRIMINAL PENALTIES AND REHABILITATION EFFORTS. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| IS A CONCEPT OF MORAL RIGHTNESS BASED ON ETHICS, RATIONALITY, LAW, NATURAL LAW, RELIGION OR EQUITY. iT IS ALSO THE ACT OF BEING JUST AND OR FAIR. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| THINKING THAT QUESTIONS ASSUMPTIONS. IT IS A WAY OF DECIDING WHETHER A CLAIM IS ALWAYS TRUE, SOMETIMES TRUE, PARTLY TRUE OR FALSE. CRITICAL THINKING CAN BE TRACED IN WESTERN THOUGHT IN THE SOCRATIC METHOD OF ANCIENT GREECE, AND IN THE EAST, TO THE BUDDIST KALAMA SUTTA AND ABHIDHARMA. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| IS AN ETHICAL DOCTRINE THAT HOLD THAT INDIVIDUALS HAVE A MORAL OBLIGATION TO HELP, SERVE, OR BENEFIT OTHERS, IF NECESSARY AT THE SACRIFICE OF SELF INTEREST. AUGUSTE COMTE'S VERSION OF ALTRUISM CALLS FOR LIVING FOR THE SAKE OF OTHERS. ONE WHO HOLDS TO EITHER OF THESE ETHICS IS KNOWN AS AN ALTRUIST. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A CODE OF BEHAVIOR THAT DELENEATES EXPECTATIONS FOR SOCIAL BEHAVIOR ACCORDING TO CONTEMPORARY CONVENTIONAL NORMS WITHIN A SOCIETY, SOCIAL CLASS, OR GROUP. THE FRENCH WORD "ETIQUETTE" LITERALLY SIGNIFYING A TAG OR LABEL FIRST APPEARED IN ENGLISH AROUND 1750. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| WAS A SCOTTISH ENLIGHTMENT PHILOSOPHER, MINISTER, THEOLOGIAN AND PROFESSOR OF DIVINITY. CAMPBELL HAD THREE FOCUSES TO HIS INTELLECTUAL LIFE: LANGUAGE, THEOLOGY, AND RHETORIC. hE WAS PRIMARILY INTERESTED IN RHETORIC SINCE HE BELIEVED THAT THE STUDY OF RHETORIC WOULD ENABLE HIS STUDENT TO BECOME BETTER PREACHERS. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
BELIEF IS THE PHYCOLOGICAL STATE IN WHICH AN INDIVIDUAL HOLDS A PROPOSITION OR PREMISE TO BE TRUE. THE TERM BELIEF AND KNOWLEDGE ARE USED DIFFERENTLY IN PHILOSOPHY.
EPISTEMOLOGY IS THE PHILISOPHICAL STUDY OF KNOWLEDGE AND BELIEF. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| IS A CHANGE IN BEHAVIOR BASED ON OREVIOUS EXPERIENCE. IT MAY INVOLVE PROCESSING DIFFERENT TYPES OF INFORMATION. LEARNING FUNCTIONS CAN BE PERFORMED BY DIFFERENT BRAIN LEARNING PROCESSES, WHICH DEPEND ON THE MENTAL CAPACITIES OF LEARNING SUBJECT / AGENT, THE TYPE OF KNOWLEDGE THAT HAS TO BE AQUITED, AS WELL AS ON SOCIO-COGNOTIVE AND ENVIRONMENTAL CIRCUMSTANCES. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| IN BDSM, LIMITS REFER TO THOSE ACTIVITIES THAT PARTICIPANTS IN A BDSM SCENE FEELS STRONGLY ABOUT, AND TO WHICH SPECIAL ATTENTION MUST BE PAID. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| IS A STRONG BELIEF INA SUPER NATURAL POWER OR POWERS THAT CONTROL HUMAN DESTINY. SUCH A STAE MAY RELATE TO THE EXISTENCE, CHARACTERISTICS AND WORSHIP OF DEITY OR DEITIES, DEVINE INTERVENTION IN THE UNIVERSE AND HUMAN LIFE, OR VALUES AND PRACTICES CENTERED ON THE TEACHING OF A SPIRITUAL LEADER. IN CONTRAST TO OTHER BELIEF SYSTEMS, RELIGOUS BELIEFS ARE USUALLY CODIFIED. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| MAY BE ANY OF SEVERAL PHILOSOPHICAL POSITIONS CONCERNED WITH THE DIFFERENCES IN MORAL JUDGMENT ACROSS DIFFERENT PEOPLE AND CULTURES. DISCREPTIVE MORAL RELATIVISM HOLDS THAT SOME PEOPLE DO IN FACT DISAGREE ABOUT WHAT IS MORAL; META-ETHICAL MORAL RELATIVISM HOLDS THAT IN SUCH DISAGREEMENTS, NOBODY IS OBJECTIVLY RIGHT OR WRONG AND NORMATIVE MORAL RELATIVISM HOLD THAT BECAUSE NOBODY IS RIGHT WRONG, WE OUGHT TO TOLERATE THE BEHAVIOR OF OTHERS EVEN WHEN WE DISAGREE ABOUT THE MORALITY OF IT. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| IS THE CONCEPT THAT POINTS OF VIEW HAVE NO ABSOLUTE TRUTH OR VALIDITY, HAVING ONLY RELATIVE, SUBJECTIVE VALUE ACCORDING TO DIFFERENCES IN PERCETION AND CONSIDERATION. THE TERM IS OFTEN USED TO REFER TO THE CONTEXT OF MORAL PRINCIPLE, WHERE IN A RELATIVISTIC MODE OF THOUGHT, PRINCIPLES AND ETHICS ARE REGARDED AS APPLICABLE IN LIMITED CONTEXT. THERE ARE MANY FORMS OF RELITAVISM WHICH VARY IN THEIR DEGREE OF CONTROVERSY. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| IS A CHRISTAIN ETHICAL THEORY THAT WAS PRINCIPLY DEVELOPED IN THE 1960s BY THE THEN EPISCOPAL PREIST JOSEPH FLETCHER. IT BASICALLY STATES THAT SOMETIMES OTHER MORAL PRINCIPLES CAN BE CAST ASIDE IN CERTAIN SITUATIONS IF LOVE IS BEST SERVED; AS PAUL TILLICH ONCE PUT IT: LOVE IS THE ULTIMATE LAW. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| IN THE WAREZ SCENE ARE DEFINED BY GROUPS OF PEOPLE WHO HAVE BEEN INVOLVED IN ITS ACTIVITIES FOR SEVERAL YEARS AND HAVE ESTABLISHED CONNECTIONS TO LARGE GROUPS. THESE PEOPLE FORM A COMMITEE, WHICH CREATES DRAFTS FOR APPROVAL OF THE LARGE GROUPS. IN ORGANIZED WAREZ DISTRIBUTION, ALL RELEASES MUST FOLLOW THESE PREDEFINED STANDARDS TO BECOME ACCEPTED MATERIAL. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| IS MORAL EXCELLANCE. A VIRTUE IS A POSITIVE TRAIT OR QUALITY SUBJECTIVLY DEEMED TO BE MORALLY EXCELLANT AND THUS IS VALUED AS A FOUNDATION OF PRINCIPLE AND GOOD MORAL BEING. PERSONAL VIRTUES ARE CHARACTERISTICS VALUED AS PROMOTING COLLECTIVE AND INDIVIDUAL GREATNESS. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| WAS A GREEK PHILOSOPHER AND POLYMATH, A STUDENT OF PLATO AND TEACHER OF ALEXANDER THE GREAT. HIS WRITINGS COVER MANY SUBJECTS INCLUDING PHYSICS, META PHYSICS, POETRY, THEATER, MUSIC, LOGIC RHETORIC, LINGUISTICS, POLITICS, GOVERNMENT ETHICS, BIOLOGY, AND ZOOLOGY. TOGETHER WITH PLATO AND SOCRATES (PLATO'S TEACHER), ARISTOTLE IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT FOUNDING FIGURES IN WESTERN PHILOSOPHY. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| IS A METHOD OF ARGUEMENT FOR RESOLVING DISSAGREEMENT THAT HAS BEEN CENTRAL TO INDIA AND EUROPEAN PHILOSOPHY SINCE ANTIQUITY. THE WORD DIALECTIC ORIGINATED IN ACIENT GREECE, AND WAS MADE POPULAR BY PLATO IN THE SOCRATIC DIALOGUES. THE DIALECTICAL METHOD IS DIALOGUE BETWEEN TWO OR MORE PEOPLE HOLDING DIFFERENT POINTS OF VIEW ABOUT A SUBJECT, WHO WISH TO ESTABLISH THE TRUTH OF THE MATTER BY DIALOGUE, WITH REASONED ARGUMENTS. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| IS A BRANCH OF PHILOSOPHY THAT INVOLVES SYSTEMATIZING DEFENDING AND RECOMMENDING CONCEPTS OF RIGHT AND WRONG BEHAVIOR. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| IS THE NAME NORMALLY GIVEN TO ARISTOTLE'S BEST KNOWN WORK ON ETHICS. THE LATIN WHICH IS ALSO COMMONLY USED, IS ETHICA NICOMACHEA. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| DESCRIBES THE CHARACTER OF A MORAL AGENT AS A DRIVING FORCE FOR ETHICAL BEHAVIOR, RATHER THAN RULES |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| IS PLACING ONES CONCERN WITH ONESELF OR ONE'S OWN INTEREST ABOVE THE INTEREST OF OTHERS. SELFISHNESS IS THE OPPOSITE OF ALTRUISM OR SELFLESSNESS. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| IN LAW THE GOLDEN RULE IS A FORM OF STUTORY INTERPRETATION THAT ALLOWS A JUDGE TO DEPART FROM A WORD'S NORMAL MEANING IN ORDER TO AVOID AN ABSURD RESULT. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| IS EITHER A STATEMENT OF FACT OR A PROMISE CALLING UPON SOMETHING OR SOMEONE THAT THE OATH MAKER CONSIDERS SACRED, USUALLY GOD, AS A WITNESS TO THE BINDING NATUE OF THE PROMISE OR THE TRUTH OF THE STATEMENT OF FACT. TO SWEAR IS TO TAKE AN OATH, TO MAKE A SOLEMN VOW. THOSE CONTENTIOUSLY OBJECT TO MAKING AN OATH WILL OFTEN MAKE AN AFFIRMATION INSTEAD. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A PERSON WHO IS FLEEING FROM CUSTODY, WHETHER IT BE FROM PRIVATE SLAVERY, A GOVERNMENT ARREST, GOVERNMENT OR NON-GOVERNMENT QUESTIONING, VIGILANTE VIOLENCE, OR OUTRAGED PRIVATE INDIVIDUALS. A FUGITIVE FROM JUSTICE, ALSO KNOWN AS A WANTED PERSON, CAN EITHER BE A PERSON CONVICTED OR ACCUSED OF A CRIME, WHO IS HIDING FROM LAW ENFOREMENT IN THE STATE OR TAKING REFUGE IN A DIFFERENT COUNTRY IN ORDER TO AVOID ARREST IN ANOTHER COUNTRY. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CRITIQUE OF PRACTICAL REASON |
|
Definition
| IS THE SECOND OF IMMANUAL KANT'S THREE CRITIQUE'S, FIRST PUBLISHED 1788. IT FOLLOWS ON FROM KANT'S CRITIQUE OF PURE REASON AND DEAL WITH HIS MORAL PHILOSOPHY. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| IS A COMMANDMENT OF REASON THAT APPLIES ONLY CONDITIONALLY: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
IS A THOUGHT EXPERIMENT IN THE MORAL PHILOSOPHY OF IMMANUAL KANT. KANT INTRODUCED THE CONCEPT IN HIS WORK, THE GROUND WORK OF THE METAPHYSICS OF MORALS.
THE NATURE OF THE CONCEPT: THE KINGDOM OF ENDS IS A HYPOTHETICAL STAE OF EXISTENCE THAT IS DERIVED FROM KANT'S CATEGORICAL IMPERATIVE. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| IS THE PRACTICE OF JUDGING THE MERITS AND FAULTS OF SOMETHING IN AN INTELLIGIBLE WAY. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| IS THE FIELD OF REGULATION OF MEMBERS OF PROFESSIONAL BODIES EITHER ACTING UNDER STATUTORY OR CONTRACTUAL POWERS. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ARE LEGAL, SOCIABLE, OR ETHICAL PRINCIPLES OF FREEDOM OR ENTITLEMENT; THAT IS, RIGHTS ARE THE FUNDEMENTAL NORMATIVE RULES ABOUT WHAT IS ALLOWED OF PEOPLE OR OWED TO PEOPLE, ACCORDING TO SOME LEGAL SYSTEM, SOCIAL CONVENTION, OR ETHICAL THEORY. RIGHTS ARE OF ESSENTIAL IMPORTANCE IN SUCH DISIPLINES AS LAW AND ETHICS, ESPECIALLY THEORIES OF JUSTICE AND DEONTOLOGY. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| WAS A SCOTTISH PHILOSPHER AND PROFESSOR OF LOGIC AT GLASGOW. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| IN BDSM, LIMITS REFER TO THOSE ACTIVITIES THAT PARTICIPANTS IN A BDSM SCENE FEELS STRONGLY ABOUT, AND TO WHICH SPECIAL ATTENTION MUST BE PAID. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A LATIN TERM MEANING "WITH CONSENT", APPEARS IN SEVERAL LEGAL LATIN CONSTRUCTIONS: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| IN LAW, A CONVICTION IS THE VERDICT THAT RESULTS WHEN A COURT OF LAW FINDS A DEFENDANT GUILTY OF A CRIME. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| IS A SET OF STATEMENTS CONSTUCTED TO DESCIBE A SET OF FACTS WHICH CLARIFIES THE CAUSES, AND CONSEQUENCES OF THOSE FACTS. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| IN THE CONTEXT OF DECISION MAKING, YOUR ETHICS ARE YOUR PERSONAL STANDARDS OF RIGHT AND WRONG. THEY ARE THE BASIS FOR MAKING ETHICALLY SENSITIVE DECISIONS. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| THE COURAGE TO TAKE ACTION FOR MORAL REASONS DEPITE THE RISK OF ADVERSE CONSEQUENCES. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| IS MEANING CONVEYED THROUGH PICTURES, A PICTURE MAPS AN OBJECT TO A TWO DIMENTIONAL SCHEME OR PICTURE PLANE. PICTURES ARE MADE WITH VARIOUS METALS AND TECHNIQUES SUCH AS PAINTING |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| IS A CONCEPT OF CONSISTENCY OF ACTIONS, VALUES, METHODS, ETHICS, MEASURES, PRINCIPLES, EXPECTATIONS AND OUTCOMES. IN ETHICS INTEGRITY IS REGARDED AS THE HONESTY AND TRUTHFULNESS OR ACCURACY OF ONE'S ACTIONS. INTEGRITY CAN BE REGARDED AS THE OPPOSITE OF HYPOCRACY, IN THAT IT REGARDS INTERNAL CONSISTENCY AS A VIRTUE, AND SUGGEST THAT PARTIES HOLDING APPARENTLY CONFLICTING VALUES SHOULD ACCOUNT FOR THE DISCREPANCY OR ALTER THEIR BELIEFS. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| IS A MEETING OF PEOPLE TO "CONFER" ABOUT A TOPIC. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| WAS AN ENGLISH PHILOSOPHER, EDITOR, CLERGYMAN AND TRAVELLER. 1796-1865 |
|
|
Term
| INTERNATIONAL POLICE ASSOCIATION |
|
Definition
IS THE LARGEST ORGANIZATION FOR POLICE OFFICERS IN THE WORLD.
FOUNDER ARTHUR TROOP 1915-2000
TO CREATE FRIENDLY LINKS AND ENCOURAGE COOPERATION BETWEEN INDIVIDUAL POLICE OFFICERS AROUND THE WORLD. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| IS THEFT OF GOODS FROM A RETAIL ESTABLISHMENT. IT IS ONE OF THE MOST COMMON PROPERTY CRIMES DEALT WITH BY POLICE AND COURTS. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| IS THE APPLICATION OF DIFFERENT SETS OF PRINCIPLES FOR SIMULAR SITUATIONS, OR TO DIFFERENT PEOPLE IN THE SAME SITUATION. A DOUBLE STANDARD MAY TAKE THE FORM OF AN INSTANCE IN WHICH CERTAIN CONCEPTS ARE PERCIEVED AS ACCEPTABLE TO BE APPLIED BY ONE GROUP OF PEOPLE, BUT ARE CONSIDERED UNACCEPTABLE--TABOO--WHEN APPLIED TO ANOTHER GROUP. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
IS A DATABASE OF DNA DATA. A DNA DATABASE CAN BE USED IN THE ANALYSIS OF GENETIC DESEASES, GENETIC FINGERPRINTING FOR CRIMINOLOGY, OR GENETIC GENEALOGY. DNA DATABASES MAY BE PUBLIC OR PRIVATE.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| IS REQUIRED TO ANSWER THE COMPLAINT OF A PLAINTIFF OR PURSUER IN A CIVIL LAW SUIT BEFORE A COURT, OR ANY PARTY WHO HAS BEEN FORMALLY CHARGED OR ACCUSED OF VIOLATING A CRIMINAL STATUTE. A RESPONDENT IS THE PARALLEL TERM USED IN A PROCEEDING WHICH IS COMMENCED BY PETITION. IN CRIMINAL LAW, A DEFENDANT IS ANYONE TRIED IN THE COURT OF LAW AS THE ONES WHO HAVE COMMITTED THE CRIME. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| IS THE DEPRIVATION OR DESTRUCTION OD A RIGHT IN CONSEQUENCE OF THE NON-PERFORMANCE OF SOME OBLIGATION OR CONDITION. IT CAN BE ACCIDENTAL, AN THEREFORE IS DISTINGUISED FROM WAIVER. |
|
|
