Term
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Definition
| art and science of the diag. and treatment of diseases and the maint. of health |
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Term
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Definition
| branch of medicine concerned with diseases and conditions requiring or amenable to operative or manual procedures |
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Term
| describe supine or dorsal recumbent |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| describe knee chest position |
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Definition
| kneeling, face down and knees bent |
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Definition
| lying on back, thighs elevated and the legs flexed @ right angles to the body, perineum exposed |
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| describe lateral decubitus |
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Definition
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Term
| potential outcome of the patient after surgery or treatment |
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Definition
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Term
| classification process by which a physician clearly identifies a condition or disease |
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Definition
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Term
| disease, sickeness, or condtion |
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Definition
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Term
| subjective complaint which a patient relates to the physician |
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Definition
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Term
| objective, measureable parameter that a physician can observe and record |
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Definition
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Term
| specific set of symptions and signs that define a particular pathology |
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Definition
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Term
| procedure that is part of the diagnostic process |
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Definition
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Term
| perform surgery on neuro complications to head, neck, and spine |
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Definition
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Term
| trained during residency - 5 year program |
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Definition
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Term
| 1-2 year fellowship solely on head, neck and spine |
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Definition
| Interventional Neuro Radiologist (INR) |
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Term
| anesthesiologists who have additional 1 yr fellowship in acute and chronic pain mgmt |
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Definition
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Term
| radiologist w/1-2 yr fellowship on minimally invasive peripheral body interventions, not spine |
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Definition
| Interventional Radiologists (IR) |
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Term
| training is a 5 yr residency for general orthopedics with a 2 yr spine fellowship |
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Definition
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Term
| what is a curative procedure |
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Definition
| surgeon remove, reshape, or totally eliminate ailment |
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Term
| what is pallative procedure |
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Definition
procedure that seeks to alleviate symptoms, but disease cause is not removed (i.e. cancer)
Increase QOL |
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Term
| define the term 'reduction' as relates to fractures |
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Definition
| repostioning; the restoration by surgical and manipulative procedures, of a part to its normal anatomical relation |
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Term
| what are the most common causes of VCFs? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is current standard of care for VCFs? |
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Definition
| conservative - bed rest, pain meds and back braces |
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Term
| why are VCFs usually treated conservatively? |
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Definition
| conventional surgery is too invasive for this geriatric population, osteoporitic bone is very soft and weak making conventional methods difficult |
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Term
| one turn of the inflation syringe pushes how much contrast into the IBT? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the 4 IBT inflation endpoints? |
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Definition
| max volume, max pressure, fracture reduction, contact with cortical wall |
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Term
| list the tools on the mayo stand in order: |
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Definition
guide pin
skin marker
scalpel
jamshidi/11 ga access needle
guide pin
osteointroducer
additional cannula
bone biopsy device
precision drill
bone filler device |
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Term
| list items needed for IBT prep: |
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Definition
| 2 inflation syringes, 2 locking syringes, 2 IBTs, contrast and beaker |
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Term
| list the items needed for cement prep |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| oblique view that allows for a direct view down the canal of the pedicle |
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Term
| 3 most common x-ray images used during the BK procedure |
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Definition
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Term
| explain the ideal AP view for BK |
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Definition
| one where the superior and inferior endplates are parallel, the spinous processes are equidistant between the pedicles, and the pedicles are located in the upper 1/2 of the vertebral body |
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Term
| explain the ideal lateral view for BK procedure |
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Definition
| superior and inferior endplates are parallel and the pedicles should be superimposed |
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Term
| most common form of spinal stenosis |
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Definition
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Term
| occurs when the nerve root that has exited the foramen is pinched by either a bony protrusion or bulging disc |
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Definition
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Term
| degeneration of the disc increases the loads borne by this component of the spine |
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Definition
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Term
| the space for the spinal cord can be squeezed by the thickening of buckling of this component of the spine |
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Definition
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Term
| choking of the spinal cord or cauda equina in the spinal canal |
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Definition
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Term
| the degenerative cascade starts with the reduction of this component of the spine due to 'drying out' of the IVD |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| first course of treatment, usu. starting with activity modification |
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Definition
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Term
| procedure by which a major portion of the posterior arch of the spine (lamina, facets, etc) are excised |
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Definition
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Term
| procedure where only selective portions of the lamina are excised utilizing minimally invasive surgical techniques |
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Definition
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Term
| shot in the epidural space, to alleviate symptoms |
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Definition
| epidural steroid injections |
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Term
| procedure that removes bony and other tissues that obstruct the passage in the neural foramen through which the nerve roots exit |
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Definition
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Term
| procedure where only either the left or right lamina is removed |
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Definition
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Term
| surgeries used to relieve LSS, since the intent is to relieve the pressure on the neural structures |
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Definition
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Term
| procedure where an implant is placed between the spinous process to stop overextension of the spine |
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Definition
| interspinous decompression |
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Term
| what sizes are the Xstop IPD for both PEEK and titanium? |
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Definition
| 6,8,10,12,14mm for both, PEEK having a 16mm also |
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Term
| what are 4 xstop IPD benefits? |
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Definition
minimal incision
tissue expander guides oval space thru interspinous space
retains supraspinous ligament
spinous processes unmodified |
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Term
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Definition
| The period of time prior to operation. Could mean onset of pathology, moment patient enters hospital, onset of symptoms, the diagnosis etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| Period of time when patient is in operating room. |
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Term
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Definition
| Period of time after the operation in which the patient recovers from the surgical procedure and his condition. |
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Term
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Definition
| Lying supine with head tilted down. |
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Term
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Definition
| Procedure performed when the prognosis is negatively affected since the patients condition has deteriorated. Surgery must be performed with little or no time for patient preparation; the patients life is at risk. |
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Term
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Definition
| Procedure performed when the patient and the surgeon agree to best circumstances for the procedure. Most scheduled procedures are elective. |
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Term
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Definition
| Minimally invasive, orthopedic treatment where bone cement is ijected into the fractured vertebra in order to stabilize it. |
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Term
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Definition
| Minimally invasive, orthopaedic treatment that stabilizes the fractured vertebra, reducing pain AND providing for correction of the deformity. It uses balloons to create a void and move bone, and highly viscous cement to support the surrounding bone. |
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Term
| List the 4 AO principles of fracture reduction. |
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Definition
Fracture reduction and fixation to restore anatomical relationships.
Stability and fixation or splintage, as the nature of the fracture and injury requires.
Preservation of blood supply to the soft tissues and bone by careful handling and gentle reduction techniques.
Early and safe mobilization of the part and the patient. |
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Term
| Summarize Balloon Kyphoplasty procedure: |
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Definition
The spine specialist creates a small pathway into the left and right sides of the fractured bone (referred to as the bilateral approach) through the fascia of the patients back. Skin incisions are each approx. 1cm in length.
A small orthopaedic balloon is guided through the instrument into the vertebra.
The balloon is carefully inflated in an attempt to raise the collapsed vertebra and return it to its normal position. Inflation of the balloon creates a void (cavity) in the vertebral body.
Once the vertebra is in the correct position, the balloon is deflated and removed.
The cavity is filled with highly viscous bone cement forming and "internal cast" to support the surrounding bone and prevent further collapse. |
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Term
| The back table should be divided into ______ sections? |
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Definition
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Term
| The first approved bone cement for balloon kyphoplasty is ____________? |
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Definition
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Term
| OsteoIntroducer (OI) Function/Use: |
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Definition
| Used to rapidly and precisely place working cannula. |
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Term
| Precision Drill Function/Use: |
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Definition
| Creates channel within the vertebral body; has thin 2mm markings |
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Term
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Definition
| A "bookmark" during tool exchanges. |
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Term
| Bone Biopsy (BBD) Function/Use: |
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Definition
| Takes sample from bone where cancer or other patholofy is suspected; taupe handle. |
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Term
| Inflatable Bone Tamp (IBT) Function/Use: |
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Definition
| Creates a void within the vertebral body as it moves bone. |
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Term
| Inflation Syringe Function/Use: |
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Definition
| Has a pressure gauge and volume measurements; for inflation. |
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Term
| Bone Filler Device (BFD) Function/Use: |
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Definition
| Used for dispensing cement into a vertebral body. |
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Term
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Definition
| Used for gaining initial access into the vertebral body, also known as the 11-gauge bone access needle. |
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Term
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Definition
1)Insert balloon into working cannula.
2)Position the balloon so that both marker bands are visibly outside of the working cannula.
3)Inflate balloon 1/2-1cc to anchor it in place.
4)Slowly inflate both balloons in small (1/2cc) increments.
5)Remove the balloons inner stylet |
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Term
| Describe 3 benefits and/or features of HV-R Cement: |
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Definition
High Viscosity
Ready to Use
Setting Time
Mixing and Handling Time
PMMA Bone Cement (used clinically for over 40 years) |
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Term
| 3 Xpander Balloon sizes available, Maximum Volume, Maximum Pressure, Colors of marker bands: |
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Definition
10/3, 4cc, 400 psi, Yellow
15/3, 4cc, 400 psi, Black
20/3, 6cc, 400 psi, White |
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Term
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Definition
| Intended to be used as conventional bone tamps for the reduction of fractures and/or create a void in cancellous bone in the spine. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| For treatment of pathological fractures of the vertebral body due to osteoporosis, cancer, or benign lesions using a balloon kyphoplasty procedure. |
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Term
| H-VR Cement Contraindications |
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Definition
| PMMA bone cement is contraindicated in the presence of active or incompletely treated infection at the site where the bone cement is to be. |
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Term
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Definition
1)Press the green button to turn on.
2)Press the blue button to switch to PSI.
3)Stop the inflation syringe plunger at the "ml" mark.
4)Rotate the plunger to line up with the "0" mark.
5)Set the inflation syringe aside.
6)Draw the vaccum on the IBT by pulling the locking syringe plunger all the way back.
7)Lock the plunger in position by turning the plunger to the last slot in the syringe.
8)Attach the connecting port at the end of the Xpander inflation syringes flexible tubing to the IBT. |
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Term
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Definition
| one where a device or medication is tried on the patient population to demonstrate its effectiveness and safety. |
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Term
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Definition
| article submitted to an editor who then sends it to several researchers in the same field (peers) for review. This panel makes recommendations for publication, revision, or rejection. Evaluated on scientific rigor of the study. |
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Term
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Definition
| article that summarizes the current state of research on a topic by critically evaluating previously published literature. |
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Term
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Definition
Must have ALL:
Milti-Center
Large Patient Size
Randomized
Controlled
Prospective |
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Term
| PMA - Premark Application |
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Definition
FDA process of scientific and regulatory review to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of Class III medical devices.
Longer process, more difficult, more expensive, but results are higer quality. |
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Term
| IDE - Investigational Device Exemption |
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Definition
| allows the investigation device to be used in a clinical study in order to collect safety and effectiveness data required to support PMA application or submission to FDA. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Oswestery Disability Index |
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Term
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Definition
| number of subjects or data points |
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Term
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Definition
| Health Related Quality of Life |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are benefits of understanding clinical literature? |
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Definition
Builds credibility with healthcare professionals.
Demonstrates safety and effectiveness of patient and products.
Helps overcome objections to close sales and increase business. |
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Term
| Relevance of a "p-value?" (probability value) |
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Definition
Comes from statistical test - measure of probability that a difference between groups during and experiment happened by chance.
p < 0.05 = IS a statistically difference between two groups being compared.
p > 0.05 = there is NOT a statistically difference between two goups. |
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Term
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Definition
SF-36 - short 36 questionnaire used to measure 8 health concepts. Measure pre and post QOL.
ODI - Assess functional pain, or how disabled the patient is from everyday life. Most common tool used to measure disabling effects of lumbar spine disorders. |
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