Term
| is ductal atresia a benign or malignant issue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how do you treat intraductal papiloma |
|
Definition
| since the pt. can get infection, treat w/ antibiotics |
|
|
Term
| things to be aware of with large breasts |
|
Definition
-back pain
-bad posture
-moisture under folds of breasts
-psychosocial problems
-preventing infection |
|
|
Term
| things to be aware of with small breasts |
|
Definition
-low self-esteem
-risk for infection because there is less tissue and and infection can spread more quickly throughout |
|
|
Term
| when is gynecomastia NORMAL in men? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how does gynecomastia look and feel? |
|
Definition
| red, and painful to touch |
|
|
Term
| what kind of primary cancer in men can result in gynecomastia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does a capsule around cancer do for the rest of the tissues |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| penetrates tissue around ducts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| acts as a protector of the cancer cells making it more apt to not treat |
|
|
Term
| inflammatory breast disease will more rapidly to? |
|
Definition
| liver, lungs, cervix, and bone |
|
|
Term
| ulcerations with breast cancer most likely means what? |
|
Definition
| the cancer has progressed |
|
|
Term
| when men have breast cancer what is usually the cause of this? |
|
Definition
| they have a primary cancer and the breast cancer is just a secondary cancer |
|
|
Term
| what is KEY with breast cancer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what to ask with breast cancer? |
|
Definition
how early the menstrual cycle was started?
any children?
|
|
|
Term
| breast cancer is usually the primary cancer to what other kinds of (common) secondary cancers in women? |
|
Definition
| bone, lung, and cervical cancers |
|
|
Term
| if a woman has a preventative massectomy what still must be done? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why is it important to know about womens herbal care? |
|
Definition
herbs alter so many factors...
ask how much?
when they take it?
what kind? |
|
|
Term
| what two natural hormones can increase the risk of breast cancer? |
|
Definition
| estrogen and progesterone: these are found in oral contraceptives |
|
|
Term
| when is endometriosis mostly seen? |
|
Definition
| in adolescent to middle-aged women |
|
|
Term
| what is it possibly from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe the process of endometriosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a common misconception with teenagers and endometriosis |
|
Definition
| that they are sexually active |
|
|
Term
| getting pregnant with endometriosis does what? |
|
Definition
| temporarily and in some cases cures it completely |
|
|
Term
| how is endometriosis detected? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the most prevalent symptom of endometriosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| medications for endometriosis? |
|
Definition
| NSAIDS for pain and inflammation |
|
|
Term
| what two electrolyte supplements can relieve muscle cramping from endometriosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the least invaisive procedure for endometriosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what risks come with carterization? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| dysfunctional uterine bleeding |
|
Definition
| excessive bleeding for more than 21 days and/or 80mL per day |
|
|
Term
| what can sometimes cause excessive bleeding? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| non-surgical management for dysfuctional uterine bleeding (medications) |
|
Definition
| Depo-Provera shots every three months or Lupron |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| long-acting progestins which are preferred for women older than 35 years who smoke or are at risk for thrombophlebitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a gonadotropin-releasing (GR) hormone analog, to reduce the follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormone levels to cause amenorrhea - this drug has LOTS of side affects |
|
|
Term
| questions to ask with DUB? |
|
Definition
sexual activity?
pain with sex?
taking any herbs? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the depletion of estrogen |
|
|
Term
| menopause can caused decrease _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| with leakage caused by menopause, what can a woman do to help this problem? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an alter in the vaginas flora |
|
|
Term
| vulvovaginitis does not always mean what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how can you treat the symptoms naturally? |
|
Definition
| increase fluids and decrease salt intake |
|
|
Term
| what do you have to be careful with when treating vulvovaginitis? |
|
Definition
| you are altering the good and the bad flora...could lead to other problems if you alter the good flora too |
|
|
Term
| treatments for vulvovaginitis |
|
Definition
| Sitz baths, creams, wet compresses, good hygeine and healthy diets, rest and exercise and removal of irritants |
|
|
Term
| why does tampons increase you risk for toxic shock syndrome? |
|
Definition
| because you increase the abrasions and skin integrity |
|
|
Term
| preventing toxic shock syndrome |
|
Definition
| protective care when you are on your period |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increased HR and decreased BP |
|
|
Term
| signs of pelvic organ prolapse |
|
Definition
| bowel or bladder problems |
|
|
Term
| why do pts. have bowel or bladder problems with pelvic organ prolapse? |
|
Definition
| because the uterus is putting more pressure on different organs |
|
|
Term
| what is pelvic organ prolapse caused from? |
|
Definition
| neuromuscular damage of childbirth, increased intra-abdominal pressure related to pregnancy, obesity, or physical exertion, or weakening of pevic support due to decreased estrogen, and in older women, pessaries |
|
|
Term
| instructions to pt. after anterior colporrhaphy |
|
Definition
| no avoid lifting anything heavier than 5 pounds, strenuous exercises, and sexual intercourse for 6 weeks, warm or moist compress, and warm baths |
|
|
Term
| instructions for pt. after posterior colporrhaphy |
|
Definition
| a low-fiber diet, to decrease BM, avoid straining during BM, increase fluid intake, stool softeners, and Sitz baths |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| can occur in a woman of any age but are rare after menopause |
|
|
Term
| leiomyomas are also called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are benign, slow-growing solid tumors of the uterine myometrium |
|
|
Term
| what do leiomyomas affect? |
|
Definition
| the tissue growth in the layers of the uterus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| these are pedunculated (on stalks) tumors that arise from the mucosa and exted throught the opening of the cervical os |
|
|
Term
| what do cervical polyps result from? |
|
Definition
| a hyperplasia of the endocervical epithelium in respose to hormonal stimulation |
|
|
Term
| what is the most common benign growth of the cervix? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what would a cervical polyp look like? |
|
Definition
| bright red, soft and fragile, and may bleed when touched |
|
|
Term
| what can leiomyomas lead to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what medications are given for mild pain with cervical polyps? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many new cases of endometrial cancer occur annually in the US? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is endometrial cancer most strongly associated with? |
|
Definition
| conditions causing prolonged exposure to estrogen without the protective effects of progesterone |
|
|
Term
| what is the best way to receive radiation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| surgical removal of the ovaries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| surgical removal of the fallopian tubes |
|
|
Term
| how common is cervical cancer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| risks for cervical cancer |
|
Definition
-HPV
-multiple pregnacies (births)
-multiple sex partners |
|
|
Term
| how do you know that the cervical cancer has metastisized? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| metastasis and cervical cancer |
|
Definition
| is usually confined to the pelvis, but distant spread can occur throught lymphatic spread and the circulation to the liver, lungs, or bones |
|
|
Term
| what can happen if a woman has too many loop electrosurgical excision procedures? (LEEP) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| radical surgical treatment that removes EVERYTHING from the womans pelvic area, this is a treatment for cervical cancer |
|
|
Term
| why must a pelvic exenteration be done with cervical cancer sometimes? |
|
Definition
| because the reccurence rate is very high if this is not done |
|
|
Term
| how can you check for residual urine and what does risidual urine indicate? |
|
Definition
| a bladder ultrasound will determine if there is residual urine which can indicate benign prostatic hyperplasia |
|
|
Term
| what can urinary stasis (residual urine) lead to? |
|
Definition
-overflow urinary incontinece (dribbling)
-UTIs
-bladder calculis (stones) |
|
|
Term
| what might be increased, causing a male to have kidney and bladder issues? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what might the pt. complain of with BPH? |
|
Definition
-increased urinary retention
-back up of urine, which can cause infections
-erectile disfunction
-constipation
-decreased libido |
|
|
Term
| how can you diagnose BPH? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is your goal with BPH pts.? |
|
Definition
| increase the flow, and decrease the pressue in the bladder |
|
|
Term
| two examples of 5-alpha reductase inhibitors as first-line drug therapies for BPH pts. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) |
|
Definition
| in which the enlarged portion of the prostate is removed through an endoscopic instrument |
|
|
Term
| what is positive about the TURP surgery? |
|
Definition
| it is a closed surgery so the risk for infection is decreased |
|
|
Term
| what should you be sure to let the pt. who just had a TURP? |
|
Definition
| that they will feel the urge to void while the catheter is in place |
|
|
Term
| what is normal to see after a TURP? |
|
Definition
| for the urine to be blood-tinged after surgery, small blood clots and tissue debris may pass while the catheter is in place and immediately after it is removed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increase to 2000-2500mL daily, which helps decrease dysuria and keep the urine clear |
|
|
Term
| at discharge, what should the pt. who had a TURP be voiding? |
|
Definition
| 150-200 mL of clear yellow urine every 3 to 4 hours |
|
|
Term
| why should the pt. recovering from TURP not try to void around the catheter? |
|
Definition
| because it will cause the muscles to contract and may result in painful spasms |
|
|
Term
| what is important to monitor after a TURP? |
|
Definition
| bleeding and vitals (especially BPs) |
|
|
Term
| what is the 2nd leading cancer in men? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what causes a man to be at high risk for prostate cancer? |
|
Definition
| African-Americans, men who have a first-degree relative with prosate cancer, and those men who have a high intake of red meats |
|
|
Term
| prostate cancer characteristics |
|
Definition
| it is usually a stony hard nodule |
|
|
Term
| what should you remember when performing a PSA (prosate-specific antigen) test? |
|
Definition
| that it should be drawn before the DRE (digital-rectal exam) because the exam can cause an increase in PSA due to prostate irritation |
|
|
Term
| what should you advise pts. to do who have ED and are taking the drug PDE-5? |
|
Definition
| abstain from alcohol before sexual intercourse because it may impair the ability to have an erection |
|
|
Term
| who should not take PDE-5? |
|
Definition
| men who take nitrates because the vasodilation effects can cause a profound hypotension and reduce blood flow to vital organs |
|
|
Term
| the ring around the penis for pts. suffering from ED should be removed after how long? |
|
Definition
| no longer than 1 hour after it is placed on the penis |
|
|
Term
| what is the age range now of pts. with testicular cancer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| testicular cancer is typically not _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do you need to let your pt. know who has testicular cancer? |
|
Definition
| that they WILL lose their infertility |
|
|
Term
| what could you suggest to a pt. who has testicular cancer and knows he will be infertile? |
|
Definition
| to arrange for semen storage |
|
|
