Term
|
Definition
| The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Indicates where a case may be found in legal publications |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The United States has two court systems: one for federal cases and another for state cases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| At least four justices must agree for the Court to consider the case on its merits |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process followed by the police and the courts in the apprehension and punishment of criminals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A crime usually punishable by death or imprisonment in a prison for more than one year |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A jury that usually determines whether a person should be charged with an offense |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A crime usually punishable with jail time or other nonprison penalties |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A hearing held before a judge or magistrate within a reasonably short time after arrest. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A writ directed to the sheriff or other officer requiring the officer to notify a person that he or she must appear in court on a day named and answer the complaint. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| More than bare suspicion; it exists when the “facts and circumstances within the officers’ knowledge and of which they had reasonably trustworthy information are sufficient in themselves to warrant a man of reasonable caution in the belief that an offense has been or is being committed.” |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| States that evidence obtained by the government in violation of the Fourth Amendment guarantee against unreasonable search and seizure is not admissible in a criminal prosecution to prove guilt. |
|
|
Term
| fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine |
|
Definition
| Once the primary evidence is shown to have been unlawfully obtained, any secondary evidence derived from it is also inadmissible. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A rule crafted by judges, not provided for in the Constitution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Permitted federal courts to admit evidence illegally seized by state law enforcement officer and handed over to federal officers for use in federal cases. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Permitted federal courts to admit evidence illegally seized by state law enforcement officer and handed over to federal officers for use in federal cases. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the taking of a person into custody against his or her will for the purpose of criminal prosecution or interrogation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an arrest made by a citizen or non-law enforcement personnel without a warrant |
|
|
