Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Procedure and Law AJS260
Midterm Study
18
Criminal Justice
Undergraduate 2
03/03/2014

Additional Criminal Justice Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Bill of Rights
Definition
The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution
Term
Case Citation
Definition
Indicates where a case may be found in legal publications
Term
Dual court system
Definition
The United States has two court systems: one for federal cases and another for state cases
Term
Rule of four
Definition
At least four justices must agree for the Court to consider the case on its merits
Term
Criminal procedure
Definition
The process followed by the police and the courts in the apprehension and punishment of criminals.
Term
Felony
Definition
A crime usually punishable by death or imprisonment in a prison for more than one year
Term
Grand jury
Definition
A jury that usually determines whether a person should be charged with an offense
Term
Misdemeanor
Definition
A crime usually punishable with jail time or other nonprison penalties
Term
Preliminary hearing
Definition
A hearing held before a judge or magistrate within a reasonably short time after arrest.
Term
Summons
Definition
A writ directed to the sheriff or other officer requiring the officer to notify a person that he or she must appear in court on a day named and answer the complaint.
Term
Probable cause
Definition
More than bare suspicion; it exists when the “facts and circumstances within the officers’ knowledge and of which they had reasonably trustworthy information are sufficient in themselves to warrant a man of reasonable caution in the belief that an offense has been or is being committed.”
Term
exclusionary rule
Definition
States that evidence obtained by the government in violation of the Fourth Amendment guarantee against unreasonable search and seizure is not admissible in a criminal prosecution to prove guilt.
Term
fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine
Definition
Once the primary evidence is shown to have been unlawfully obtained, any secondary evidence derived from it is also inadmissible.
Term
judge-made rule
Definition
A rule crafted by judges, not provided for in the Constitution
Term
silver platter doctrine
Definition
Permitted federal courts to admit evidence illegally seized by state law enforcement officer and handed over to federal officers for use in federal cases.
Term
silver platter doctrine
Definition
Permitted federal courts to admit evidence illegally seized by state law enforcement officer and handed over to federal officers for use in federal cases.
Term
arrest
Definition
the taking of a person into custody against his or her will for the purpose of criminal prosecution or interrogation
Term
citizen’s arrest
Definition
an arrest made by a citizen or non-law enforcement personnel without a warrant
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