Term
|
Definition
| The term _____means"per hundred" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A ____is a comparison of two numbers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In a set of data, the ___is the greatest value miunus the least value. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A ____is in simplest form when its numerator and denominator have no common factors other than 1 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An _____ is a subset of the sample space. The Say that an ___ occurs means that the observed outcome is an element of the subset. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Basic Properties of Probabilities (3) If A and B are disjoint events then P(A ∪ B) =___________.
(Remember that A and B are disjoint if A ∩ B = Ø. Another way of saying A and B are disjoint is to say that they are mutually exclusive.) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Basic Properties of Probabilities (4) For any events A and B, P(A ∪ B) =___________________. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Basic Properties of Probabilities (5) For any event A, P(Ac) =_______. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Basic Properties of Probabilities (1) For any event E, P(E) ≥ 0. The empty set Ø is assigned
probability zero, i.e. P(Ø) = ____. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Basic Properties of Probabilities (2) The probability of the entire sample space S is equal to _____ |
|
|
Term
| Basic Properties of Probabilities (1) |
|
Definition
| Property (1) is a consequence of the fact that we compute the probability of an |
|
|
Term
| Basic Properties of Probabilities (2) |
|
Definition
| Property (2) is just a restatement of the fact that the probabilities of all outcomes have to add up to one. |
|
|
Term
| Basic Properties of Probabilities (3) |
|
Definition
| Property (3) is also a consequence of the fact that the probability of an event is the sum of the probabilities of the outcomes that make up the event. The reason is that A ∪ B includes all the elements of A and of B. So all their probabilities get included when we compute P(A ∪ B). Furthermore, since A ∩ B = Ø, none of the probabilities gets included more than once when we add P(A) + P(B). |
|
|
Term
| Basic Properties of Probabilities (4) |
|
Definition
| Property (4) includes an extra term on the right side of the equation that is not included in the equation of Property (3). The extra term P(A ∩ B) is needed when A and B are not disjoint. The following simple example illustrates why this extra term is needed in this case. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| These are the results of the last math test. The teacher determines that anyone with a grade of more than 70 passed the test. Give the probability for the indicated grade. Grade 65 (5 students); Grade 70 (3 students); Grade 80 (12 students); Grade 90 (10 students); Grade 100 (2 students) __________ = P(70) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| These are the results of the last math test. The teacher determines that anyone with a grade of more than 70 passed the test. Give the probability for the indicated grade. Grade 65 (5 students); Grade 70 (3 students); Grade 80 (12 students); Grade 90 (10 students); Grade 100 (2 students) __________ = P(100) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| These are the results of the last math test. The teacher determines that anyone with a grade of more than 70 passed the test. Give the probability for the indicated grade. Grade 65 (5 students); Grade 70 (3 students); Grade 80 (12 students); Grade 90 (10 students); Grade 100 (2 students) __________ = P(80) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| These are the results of the last math test. The teacher determines that anyone with a grade of more than 70 passed the test. Give the probability for the indicated grade. Grade 65 (5 students); Grade 70 (3 students); Grade 80 (12 students); Grade 90 (10 students); Grade 100 (2 students) __________ = P(Passing) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| These are the results of the last math test. The teacher determines that anyone with a grade of more than 70 passed the test. Give the probability for the indicated grade. Grade 65 (5 students); Grade 70 (3 students); Grade 80 (12 students); Grade 90 (10 students); Grade 100 (2 students) __________ = P(grade>80) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| These are the results of the last math test. The teacher determines that anyone with a grade of more than 70 passed the test. Give the probability for the indicated grade. Grade 65 (5 students); Grade 70 (3 students); Grade 80 (12 students); Grade 90 (10 students); Grade 100 (2 students) __________ = P(60) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| These are the results of the last math test. The teacher determines that anyone with a grade of more than 70 passed the test. Give the probability for the indicated grade. Grade 65 (5 students); Grade 70 (3 students); Grade 80 (12 students); Grade 90 (10 students); Grade 100 (2 students) __________ = P(failing) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| These are the results of the last math test. The teacher determines that anyone with a grade of more than 70 passed the test. Give the probability for the indicated grade. Grade 65 (5 students); Grade 70 (3 students); Grade 80 (12 students); Grade 90 (10 students); Grade 100 (2 students) __________ = P(grade< or = 80) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a selection of things in any order. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dependent means "determined by another"; if the occurrence of one event does affect the probability of the other. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The prefix in means "not"; if the occurrence of one event does not affect the probability of the other |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The number of permutations of n things taken r at a time is = nPr= n!/(n-r)! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| simulation means "to represent"; a model of a real situation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used to estimate probabilities by making certain assumptions about an experiment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| root word quart means "four" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Out means "away from a place" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Variable is a value that can change |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an activity in which results aare observed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the set of all possible outcomes of an experiment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any set of one or more outcomes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a number from 0 (or 0%) to 1 (or 100%) that tells you how likely the event is to happen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the event is Impossible, or can never happen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the event is Certain, or has to happen |
|
|
Term
| the probabilities of all the outcomes in the sample space add up to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If the probability of snow = 30%, then the probability of no snow = |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| number of times the event occurs/total number of trials |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| each number has the same probability of occuring and no pattern can be used to predict the next number. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| they all have the same probabilty |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mutually Exclusive / Disjointed Events |
|
Definition
| When two events cannot both occur is the same trial or an experiment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| made up of two or more separate events…to find the probability of a compaound event, you need to know is the events are independent or dependent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a coin landing heads on one toss and tails on another toss; The results of one toss does not affect the result of the other, so the events are _______. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drawing a 6 then a 7 from a deck of cards; Once one card is drawn, the sample space changes. The events are ______ |
|
|
Term
| If A nd B are independent events |
|
Definition
| P(A and B) = P(A) * P(B) {multiply} |
|
|
Term
| probability of two DEPENDENT events |
|
Definition
1. - Calculate the probability of the first event.
2. - Calulate the probility that the second event would occur if the first event had already occurred.
3. - Multiply the probabilities. |
|
|
Term
| If A and B are dependent events then |
|
Definition
| P(A and B) = P(A) * P(B after A) {multiply} |
|
|
Term
| A bag contains 3 orange and 3 purple marbles; the chance of drawing a purple marble = |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A bag contains 3 orange and 3 purple marbles; if the first draw was purple, what is the probability of the second draw being purple? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A bag contains 3 orange and 3 purple marbles; what is the probability of drawing two purple marbles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Odds in favor of an event |
|
Definition
| the ratio of favorable outcomes to unfavorable outcomes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ratio of unfavorable outcomes to favorable outcomes |
|
|
Term
| Odds in favor of an event a:b |
|
Definition
| a = number of favorable outcomes; b= number of unfavorable outcomes; a+b = total number of outcomes |
|
|
Term
| If Crews Middle School sold 552 raffle tickets for a change to win an XBOX video game, and Mason bought 6 raffle tickets, what are the odds in favor of Mason winning the raffle? |
|
Definition
| Favorable outcomes is 6, and the number of unfavorable outcomes is 552-6 = 546. Mason's odds in favor of winning the raffle are 6 to 546 or 1 to 91. |
|
|
Term
| If Crews Middle School sold 552 raffle tickets for a change to win an XBOX video game, and Mason bought 6 raffle tickets, what are the odds against mason winning the video game? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If the odds in favor of an event are a:b then the probability of the events occurring is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If the odds in favor of an event are 1:10 then the probability of the events occurring is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if the odds in favor of Mason winning the video game are 1:91 then the probability of mason winning the game is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If there are m ways to choose a first item and n ways to choose a second item after the first item has been chosen, then there are m * n ways to chose all the items. |
|
Definition
| The Fundamental Counting Principle |
|
|
Term
| the addition counting principle |
|
Definition
| If one group contains m objects and a second group contains n objects, and the groups have no objects in common, then there are m + n total objects to choose from |
|
|
Term
| Find the number of orders in which all 7 swimmers can finish |
|
Definition
7P7 = 7 (the number of swimmers is 7)P7 (All 7 swimmers are taken at a time) = 7!/(7-7)! = 7!/0! =
7*6*5*4*3*2*1/1 = 5040; there are 5040 permutations. This means there are 5040 orders in which 7 swimmers can finish. |
|
|
Term
| Find the number of ways the 7swimmers can finich first, second, and third. |
|
Definition
7P3 = 7 (the number of swimmers is 7)P3 (The top 3 swimmers are taken at a time) = 7!/(7-3)! = 7!/4! =
7*6*5*4*3*2*1/4*3*2*1 = 210; there are 210 permutations. This means that the 7 swimmers can finish in first, second and third in 210 ways. |
|
|
Term
| If no letter can be used more than once, there is ____combination(s) of the first 3 letters of the alphabet. |
|
Definition
| only 1; the variations ABC, ACB, BAC, BCA, CAB, and CBA are considered to be the sme combination of A,B, and C because the order does not matter. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The number of combinations of n things taken r at a time is
nCr = nPt/r! = n!/r!(n-r)! |
|
|
Term
| A gourmet pizza restaurant offers 10 toppings choices; find the number of 3-topping pizzaa that can be ordered. |
|
Definition
10C3 = 10 (the number of topping choices is 10)C3 (The toppings) = 10!/3!(10-3)! = 10!/3!7! =
10*9*8*7*6*5*4*3*2*1/4*3*2*1 /(3*2*1)(7*6*5*4*3*2*1)= 120; there are 120 combinations This means that there are 120 different 3-topping pizzas that can be ordered. |
|
|
Term
| A gourmet pizza restaurant offers 10 toppings choices; find the number of 6-topping pizzaa that can be ordered. |
|
Definition
10C6 = 10 (the number of topping choices is 10)C3 (The toppings) = 10!/3!(10-3)! = 10!/3!7! =
10*9*8*7*6*5*4*3*2*1/4*3*2*1 /(3*2*1)(7*6*5*4*3*2*1)= 120; there are 120 combinations This means that there are 120 different 3-topping pizzas that can be ordered. |
|
|
Term
| Of the first 500 people who visit a carnival, 25 will win doors prizes. What are the odds against winning a prize? 1:19; 1:20; 20:1; 19:1 |
|
Definition
|
|
