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| Empennage, home to the horizontal& vertical stabilizers, also where the rudder & elevators are |
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| Pitch, moved by the elevators |
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| Roll, moved by the ailerons |
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| Yaw, moved by the rudders |
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| The inherent ability of an airplane to return, or not return, to its original flight condition after being disturbed by an outside force, such as rough air |
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| Positive static stability |
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Definition
| The initial tendency of an aircraft to return or not return to its original position |
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| Positive dynamic stability |
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Definition
| The tendency of an oscillating airplane (with positive static stability) to return to its original position relative to time |
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| What happens when the CG is aft CL? |
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Definition
| Pitch up which will decrease longitudinal stability, make for a higher cruising speed, make a lower still speed and make poor spin/stall recovery |
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| What happens when CG is forward of CL? |
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Definition
| Pitch down which increases airspeed when reduced power and creates greater drag on the elevators which will cause the elevators to bring the nose up, providing positive stability. It also increases longitudinal stability, makes a lower cruise speed and makes a higher stall speed |
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Definition
Force (imposed stress) that must be supported by an airplane structure in flights; stated in terms of load factor
An increased load factor will cause an airplane to stall at a higher airspeed |
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| The angle in which a stall occurs |
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Definition
Caused from the airflow around the wings and their tips that creates a down wash and induced drag
Occurs when flying within one wingspan or less above the surface |
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| Two types of wake turbulence |
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Definition
| Prop of jet blast & wing-tip vortices |
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| These three operate in response to pressures through the pitot-static system |
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Definition
| Pressure altimeter, vertical speed indicator and airspeed indicator |
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Term
| Static (atmospheric) pressure is taken from the ——- and is provided to ——-. |
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Definition
Static vents/ports
All three instruments |
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| Impact (ram) pressure is taken from the —— and furnished to the ——. |
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Definition
Pitot tube
Airspeed indicator ONLY |
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Definition
| Uncorrected reading obtained from the airspeed indicator |
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| Calibrated Airspeed (CAS) |
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Definition
| Indicated airspeed corrected for installation and instrument error |
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| Calibrated airspeed corrected for temperature and pressure variations |
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| Stall speed or minimum steady flight speed in landing configuration (lower white) |
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| Maximum flap extended speed (upper white) all white arc is flap operating range |
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| Stall speed or minimum steady flight speed in a specified configuration (lower green) all green arc is normal operating range |
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| Maximum structural cruising speed (upper green/lower yellow) yellow arc defines caution range and should be avoided unless smooth air |
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| Never exceed (upper yellow/marked in red) |
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| Maximum landing gear extended speed (not colored) |
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Definition
Design maneuvering speed
If rough air or turbulence is encountered, airspeed should be reduced to maneuvering speed or less to minimize stress on airplane structure |
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| Best rate-of-climb speed (the airspeed that will result in the most altitude in a given period of time) |
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| Best angle-of-climb speed (the airspeed that will result in the most altitude in a given distance) |
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| An instrument used to measure height (altitude) by responding to atmospheric pressure changes |
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| Elevation with respect to any assumed reference level |
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| Shortest hand on altimeter measures |
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Definition
| Altitude in tens of thousands of feet |
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| Middle sized hand on altimeter measures |
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Definition
| Altitude in thousands of feet |
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| Longest hand on altimeter measures |
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| Altitude in hundreds of feet |
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| Altitude read on altimeter after it is set to the current local altimeter settings |
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| The height above the surface |
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| True height measured above mean sea level (MSL) |
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| Altitude that is indicated whenever the altimeter setting dial (Kohlsman window) is adjusted to 29.92 (standard datum plane) |
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| Pressure altitude corrected for nonstandard temperature and/or pressure |
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Definition
| Rapidly spinning wheels or disks that resist any attempt to move them from their plane or rotation |
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| 3 gyroscopic instruments are: |
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Definition
| Attitude indicator, turn coordinator and heading indicator |
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Definition
| A compass error caused by magnetic disturbances from electrical and metal components in the aircraft |
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| The angular difference between the true, or geographic, poles and magnetic poles at a given point |
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| Downward pointing tendency in the magnetic compass that causes errors |
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| A magnetic compass lags whenever turns are made to or from: |
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Definition
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| Undershoot North & Overshoot South |
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| Accelerate North & Decelerate South |
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| Weight with just airframe, engine, unusable fuel and oil and all fixed equipment |
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| Includes pilot, passengers, baggage, fuel and oil |
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| Takeoff weight minus used fuel |
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| Empty weight plus useful load |
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| Troposphere, Tropopause, Stratoshpere, Mesosphere and Thermosphere |
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| Air circulates in a —— direction around a high pressure area |
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Definition
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| Air circulates in a —— direction around a low pressure area |
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Definition
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| The closer isobars are together the —— the wind speed |
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| The farther away isobars are the —— the wind speed |
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