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*traditional news value--the number of people an event affects (and how seriously it affects them)
*if it's usable and relevant
*should make us think how we would be affected if we were in that situation (Terry Schiavo) |
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traditional news value--fundamental aspect of every good story
*republicans vs. democrats, tree huggers vs. big business |
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traditional news value--what does it mean to ME and my community
* ex: tanning beds in rec center only matters to students. |
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*traditional news value
entertainging, interesting, what sells.
*ABC's celebrification of the news....not a problem until this news saturates hard news coverage |
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*traditional news value
*are only new things news? or can contextt/history fit in with that, too? |
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*traditional news values
*john bogart: "when a dog bites a man, that is not news, because it happens so often. But if a man bites a dog, that is news. |
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| purpose of journalism acc. to journalists |
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| to provide the people with the information they need to be free and self governing |
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| defintion of journalism, three parts |
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method of gathering information verifying it, and proviing the most truthful and fair account possible, guided by a set of principles and the purpose of journalism
o Method (of gathering information)
o Principles (elements of journalism)
o Purpose (giving people the info they need to be free and self governing
*how to cover news...a way of gathering, creating, and presenting news in teh service of a particular purpose. |
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*a product--collected, written, recorded
*the focus of journalism
*the prompt and product of journalistic activity...what is created AND what is reported
*what is covered
*something that someone wnats to suppress. |
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| how do we know journalism and democracy are linked |
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• Historical evidence—first amendment, also it is more democratic with more news and more information available
• Common sense—iif we want to suppress freedom, the first thing we take away is civil liberties.
• Thomas Jefferson said he would prefer a newspaper without government |
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*goal of democracy: to manage public affairs efficiently
**said that the democracy was an end, a finished product, a result (u have it or u don't)
role of journalist: to describe what the insiders are doing to the passive public whose only job is voting them in or out
*we should put our trust in those who rn the government because they are educated
*democracy is fundamentally flawed--the majority of americans don't care about democracy |
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goal of democracy: to allow people to reach their fullest potential
*democracy is a means to the end, a continual process
*people must discuss, deliberate on the issues of the day |
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| Theory of the interlocking public |
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Because only 15% of the readers are in “involved public” (personal stake) and “interested public” (affected, but no direct role), they offer a good mix of stories for each to pick and choose from. Then, they SHOULD offer entry points to the “Uninterested public” to get into the story to show how it would affect them….but they usually don’t.
o Anyone of us can fall into any one of these three groups at any given time depending on a particular story/issue
• Ex: issue about MU campus…we are an involved public
• Issue about MU football team—we are interested public |
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| those that have a personal stake in a matter....we all fall into this category at some point. Only 15% of people |
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| those that have a personal stake in a matter....we all fall into this category at some point. Only 15% of people |
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| those that have a personal stake in a matter....we all fall into this category at some point. Only 15% of people |
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| those that have a personal stake in a matter....we all fall into this category at some point. Only 15% of people |
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| those that are affected, but have no direct role in an issue |
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in 1947, a group of scholars who spent years producing a a document outlining the obligations of journalism……they warned about the dangers of publishing accounts that are “factually correct by substantially untrue:
o showed that mere accuracy can be a distortion of its own.
ex: showed that by citing stories about minority groups that, w/o context, reinforced false stereotypes.
**YOU MUST REPORT THE TRUTH ABOUT THE FACTS, NOT JUST THE FACTS |
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• Who/what gets included/excluded?
o Ex: immigrant population is only seen when a special event occurs (Chinese new year, etc)
• Are some groups or populations “invisible”? do some communities only appear when a special event occurs or a crime happens |
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you can hold up a mirror to society, but you really need a method to solve it
• Instead of reflecting back the world just as it is (straight facts/statistics), journalism is a method, a process of gathering info according to these principles that we have been reading in class
o Objectivity is not in the person, but in the method |
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• Targeting demographics of interest to advertisers, ex women ages 20-34
• Journalists report that pressure from advertisers and corporate owners on what to print or air is increasing |
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| • How often do reporters pitch stories or frame assignments to fit what they know the boss will like, or put on the front page or at the top of the newscast? |
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•Many people think that journalists are flaming liberals
Is there any truth to this?
• Yes and No…in a survey, more identify themselves as liberals than conservatives….many others are libertarian |
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• Lasting impression that sticks with you…example prize winning elian Gonzalez picture.
made you feel sympathetic toward neighbors/elian, angry with INS |
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o Periodically examine yourself for bias building up—understanding what your views are and why you have them is the best way to keep them under control…especially when covering a long campaign
o Read through some of your stories and be self-critical. Create a discipline for coming to grips with your personal feelings and parking them in the back of your head. This you do on your own, privately, with your own conscience |
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Term
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Definition
o Periodically examine yourself for bias building up—understanding what your views are and why you have them is the best way to keep them under control…especially when covering a long campaign
o Read through some of your stories and be self-critical. Create a discipline for coming to grips with your personal feelings and parking them in the back of your head. This you do on your own, privately, with your own conscience |
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*controlling the info that is released to the public...it used to be that if they didn't write about it, we wouldn't hear about it
if you havent verified the story, it won't be published |
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*the new role for journalists
*they sit at gate, but there is no fence around the gate, and the cows (information) is running wild.
* They may publish somethng, but they will mention that is has not been verified or is still being investigated |
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| journalism of assertion vs. journalism of verificaiton |
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journalist may have developed new ways of determining facts (asserting them), but they have not developed a system of testing (verifying) the reliability of journalistic interpretation.
**modern technology and modern press culture is weakening the methodology of verification....they can go online and get a story, they don't need to do their own investigation. |
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| journalists spend more time to synthesize the ever growing amount of information availabale (which they can easily get off the internet) rather than going out and doing their own investigation |
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be honorable to the facts, and to your subjects and the citizen's understanding of the facts.
*it's not, am i being honorable to my sources, so they will be pleased? |
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| Principles that form the foundation of the discipline of verification |
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Do not add
do not deceive
objectivity--transparency, open mind/humility, and originality |
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*doesn't call for journalists to be unbiased, but rather the method
*calls for journalist to develop a consistent method of testing informaiton--a transparent approach to evidence--precisely so that personal and cultural biases would not undermine the accuracy of their work
**the method is objective, not the journalist |
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| three components of objectivity |
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Definition
transparency
open mind/humility
originality |
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*part of objectivity and the discipline of verification
*being as open and honest with the audience as journalists can about what they know and what they don't know
*provide the info in a way so that people can make up their minds about it
*tell the audience as much as you know about what ur reading (don't omit), who your sources are, how they are in a positon to know this, and what their biases are. |
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| footnotes within long piece, within the text of the story, Infoboxes, read letters to the editors, column before or after a controversial event, regular weekly columns, |
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*the straight facts, the foundation upon which truth builds--it's not enough
**correctly reporting what police say is not enough, sometimes they are mistaken. |
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built upon the foundation of accuracy
*the sorting out process that develops btw the initial story and the interaction among hte public, newsmakers, and journalists OVER TIME
**founded upon accuracy, develops into context, interpretation, and debate.
*the search for this is a conversation, the search for the practical or funcitonal form of it.
*we are interested in not just the facts, but what lies behind the facts--don't just stop at transparency |
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