ARTISTIC APPEAL

TYPES OF APPEALS THAT SPEAKERS COULD CONTROL SUCH AS THE WAY SPEAKERS PRESENT THEIR CASE.

ETHOS

TYPE OF PERSON THAT YOU ARE AND YOUR SKILLS

ANALOGICAL REASONING

AN INFERENCE METHOD WHICH CONSIDERS TWO SIMILAR SITUATIONS AND DRAWS CONCLUSIONS BASESD ON THE SIMILARITY

ACCEPTANCE SPEECH

a speech which is given in response to a speech of presentation.

LOGOS (THINK LOGIC)

Appeals to the intellect.

PATHOS (THINK EMOTION)

Appeals to the listeners passions, emotions, thoughts and wants.

DIALECT

The phenomenon in which different locations speak the same language but with different accents or grammatical patterns

DEDUCTIVE REASONING

Using a general conclusion to support a specific argument.

INDUCTIVE REASONING

Using specific cases to support a general conclusion

QUESTION OF FACT

Question addressing whether or not a statement or assertion is true.

FRAME OF REFERENCE

a combination of a person's knowledge, goals, values, and experiences which affects how they interpret a message

CAUSAL REASONING

Implying a link between two items, ideas, etc.

HASTY GENERALIZATION

When you draw a conclusion based on a sample group that is too small

BEGGING THE QUESTION

Circular reasoning

SYMPOSIUM

A gathering in which many people present about the same topic

TARGET AUDIENCE

The group or portion of the audience which the speaker most wants to appeal to or persuade

Task Needs

Needs related to the ability of a group to complete their tasks

"Now that we have talked about the dangers of smoking, I will talk about the four contributors to poor health."

Internal Preview

Fallacy

An error in reasoning

Topical order

When a speech is organized into topics and subtopics, which are presented in logical order

Transition

Words or phrases used to indicate when a speaker moves to a new idea

Font

A specific style of lettering on a computer

Goodwill

When the audience believes that the speaker has their interests in mind

Pie graph

A graph used to illustrate the distribution of variables in relation to a whole

Speech to gain passive agreement

A speech for which the purpose is to persuade an audience to agree with or support a policy

Gazetteer

A reference work containing information about geographical topics

Plagiarism

Using someon's work as your own

Ethnocentrism

Believing your race is superior to any other

Anecdote

A story

Parallelism

Similar agreement or structure of words, phrases or sentences which creates an organized pattern

Paraphrase

A summary or restating of another person's ideas or work

Patchwork plagiarism

combining ideas from two or three sources and presenting them as one's own

Speaker

A person who presents an oral message to a listener

Non-partisan

giving a speech without a bias

Jargon

Technical language which is related to a specific profession or trade

Hidden agenda

Goals of individual members of the group

Hypothetical Example

an example which uses a generalized or fictitious situation

Connotative

meaning suggested by associates or emotions triggered by a word

Denotative meaning

Literal meaning or a phrase

Metaphor

A comparison which does not use the words like or as

Extemporaneous speech

When a speech is carefully prepared

Pitch

Highness or lowness of voice

Monotone

Constant tone of a speaker's voice

Kinesics

Study of body language

Chronological Order

Progressing through time, any how-to speech

Dyad

A group which consists of only two people

Mean

The "average" value of a set of numbers, determined by dividing the sum of the terms by the number of terms

Simile

A comparison which uses the words like or as

Preview statement

a statement in the beginning of the speech which outlines the main points the speech will focus on

Casual Order

Showing a cause/effect relationship

Median

The number which falls at the center of a group of data when organized numerically

Key-word Outline

A note form which concisely outlines the speaker's main points and evidences

Problem/solution order

First point shows the problem, the second the solution

Internal Summaries

Reminds listeners of what they just heard

Signposts

Asking questions, showing where you are in a speech

Testimony

Quotations used as supporting evidence

Inflections

Changes in a speakers pitch or tone

Informative Speech

informing a person about a subject

Thesaurus

lists synonyms of words

Line graph

graph that lines are used to illustrate changes over time

Listener

person speaker is attempting to communicate their message to.

Question of value

About the morality, rightness, wrongness, worth

Question of policy

Whether or not a specific action should or should not be taken

Red herring

Where you introduce unrelated information that misdirects attention

Non-sequitur

when the conclusion does not relate to proof or evidence

Rhythm

effect created by arranging words creating a pattern in the sounds and stresses of symbols

Scale questions

Questions in which the response requires specifying a certain level on an interval or scale

Analogical fallacy

Assuming that two things that are similar are equal

Ad Hominem

When you attack the person raising an issue, not the issue itself

Slippery Slope

When you assume that when one thing happens, it will create a domino effect

Burden of proof

It is the speaker's job to convince the audience to alter their viewpoint by proving that a policy is necessary

Spare "brain time"

Because the brain can process words faster than a person can speak, there is extra time for the brain to think

Spatial order

When the main points of a speech are presented in a directional pattern

Monroe's motivated sequence

a process which includes attention, need, satisfaction, visualization, and action to persuade a listener

Multimedia Presentation

a presentation which comines two or more types of visual aides

Name-calling

words used with the intent of degrading or demeaning a group or person

Procedural Needs

the details of the conduct of a group, including location, agenda, and logistical issues

Process

A system or series of actions which produce a result

Pronunciation

The accepted way to say a word, including the sound and rhythm of the word

Vocal Variety

A method of making a speech expressive by using inflections and changes in rate