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Principles of Pharmacology
Linda Felver's class, OHSU
26
Pharmacology
Professional
07/06/2016

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Cards

Term
pharmaceutics
Definition
events that happen to a drug dosage form while it is in the GI tract (or elsewhere) to release drug molecules
Term
pharmacokinetics
Definition
what the body does to the drug molecules
Term
pharmacodynamics
Definition
what the drug does to the body
Term
USP
Definition
united states pharmacopeia
Term
bioequivalence
Definition
therapeutic equivalency, similar dissolution and pharmacokinetic characteristics that provide the same therapeutic effectiveness
Term
Drug characteristics for passive diffusion
Definition
nonionized
lipid soluble
small size
drug concentration gradient across membrane
Term
Characteristics of the membrane and fluid environment of passive diffusion
Definition
membrane: lipid bilayer
fluid: pH allows drug to be nonionized before crossing membrane
Term
Examples of passive diffusion
Definition
absorption (via gastric/intestinal mucosa)
distribution (to placenta, fat cells, breast milk)
Term
Examples of carrier-mediated transport (active transport, facilitated diffusion)
Definition
absorption: intestinal mucosa
distribution: neurons, liver cells, choroid plexus
metabolism: liver cells
excretion: renal tubular cells, biliary membranes
Term
characteristics of the drug for carrier-mediated transport
Definition
slow rate of simple diffusion through a particular membrane
Term
characteristics of the membrane and fluid environment with carrier-mediated transport
Definition
membrane: selective transport proteins in the lipid bilayer
fluid: active transport requires energy supply
Term
Examples of filtration
Definition
absorption/distribution: most capillary endothelial membranes
excretion: renal glomerular membranes
Term
Drug characteristics for filtration
Definition
carried by bulk flow of fluid
Term
Membrane and fluid characteristics for filtration
Definition
membrane: pores between cells in the membrane
fluid: pressure gradient to move fluid through pores
Term
absorption
Definition
movement of a drug from its administration site into the blood
Term
bioavailability
Definition
fraction of a drug dose administered that actually reaches the systemic circulation
Term
drug distribution
Definition
process of transporting drug molecules to the body tissues
Term
distribution
Definition
drug movement from the blood to the interstitial space of tissues and from there into cells
Term
metabolism
Definition
enzymatically mediated alteration of drug structure
Term
how does food normally decrease drug absorption?
Definition
alter pH of stomach
delay gastric emptying
binding to the drug (ex. calcium/bran)
competition for binding to transport carriers
Term
how to antacids alter drug absorption; teaching
Definition
alters pH of the stomach; space 1-3 hours apart
Term
how does calcium carbonate alter drug absorption; teaching
Definition
binds to another drug, preventing absorption; space 1-3 hours
Term
which drug is affected by oatmeal (fiber)
Definition
digoxin - binding prevents absorption
Term
which drug is affected by dairy
Definition
tetracycline, fluoroquinolones - prevents absorption
Term
what drugs does grapefruit juice affect, and how
Definition
statins/calcium channel blockers; 1 glass inhibits activity of GI enzymes which normally destroy the drugs - increasing absorption
Term
which drug is affected by dairy
Definition
tetracycline, fluoroquinolones - prevents absorption
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