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| form of energy that occurs naturally in lighting and other static discharges or in natural galvanic cells |
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| cannot be readily stored, must be generated and utilized almost instantaneously |
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| primary problem in the utilization of electric energy |
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| bulk of electricity utilized today |
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| alternating current, due to energy savings and reduction in machinery space requirements |
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Definition
| what type of current does modern elevators use and why |
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| utilized for special applications requiring large quantities of power |
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| telephone, signal equipment, controls, etc. |
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| what uses direct current? |
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| who was the amp named after |
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| electricity flowing in a conductor |
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| velocity of electricy is ____? |
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| measures the electricity flow |
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| what is the unit of electric potential? |
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| who was the volt named after? |
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| caused by creating a higher positive electric charge at one point on a conductor than exists at another point on the same conductor |
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chemcial action causing a positive charge to collect on the positive terminal and electrons on the negative terminal
(like a battery) |
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| potential difference or voltage |
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Definition
| tendency for flow between electrified particles concentrated at the positive and negative terminals |
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| potential voltage produced by a battery or generator |
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| what causes current to flow in a conductor connecting the terminals between which a voltage exists |
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| the most prevalent form of energy found in the built environment |
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| what is the unit of electric resistance |
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| who was the ohm named after |
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| materials allowing the flow of electric charge |
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| material used as conductors |
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| silver, gold and platinum |
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Definition
| best metals used for conductors |
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| second best metal conductors |
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| materials that resist the flow of current |
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| rubber and plastic wire coverings, porcelain lamp sockets, oil-immersed switches |
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Definition
| common examples of insulators |
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I = V/R
current that will flow in a dc circuit is directly proportional to the voltage and inversely proportional to the resistance of the circuit |
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Definition
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| series circuit and parallel circuit |
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Definition
| types of circuit arrangements |
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| elements are connected one after another and the current is the same in all parts of the circuit |
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| two or more branches with loads are connected between the same two points |
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Definition
each voltage load is the same in what kind of circuit
but the current in each load is different |
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Definition
| the total current is the sum of individual currents flowing in this type of circuit |
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Definition
| flow of electric current that takes place at a constant time rate, and in the same direction around a circuit |
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Definition
| flow of current is periodically varying in time and in direction, as indicated by the symmetrical positive and negative loops |
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| distance along the time axis spanned by a positive and negative ac loop |
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| number of cycles occurring in 1 second |
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| corresponding parameter in ac circuit (similar to resistance) |
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| battery, dc generator, and photovoltaic power generated solar cells |
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Definition
| what are everyday sources of electricity |
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| what is the major source of direct current |
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| ac current produced commercially by a generator |
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| who designed the first primitivebattery and when? |
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| andre-marie ampere in 1820 |
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Definition
| who discovered electromagnetism and when |
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| who invented the electric motor and when |
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| who develops the electrical circuit and when |
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| principle of electromagnetic induction |
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Definition
| when an electrical conductor is moved in a magnetic field, a voltage is then induced into the conductor |
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| german scientist who, around 1880, confirmed the existence of electromagnetic radiation |
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Definition
found that electromagnetic radiation moved at the speed of light - 186,000 miles per second
demonstrated light is a form of electromagnetic radiation |
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Definition
| Heinrich Hertz' experiments called for which inventions? |
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| cycles per second, now called hertz |
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Definition
| frequency of alternating current was once called what but is now called what? |
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| what does one hertz measure |
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| produced if a conductor is formed into a coil and rotated in a magnetic field |
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| technical term for the more common expression "work" |
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| product of power and time |
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| the rate at which energy is used or work is done at a particular rate over a given period of time |
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| what is the formula for energy |
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w = (I x I) (R)
I = current (amps)
R = resistance (ohms) |
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Definition
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| when impedance consists of a combination of dc resistance and ac resistance |
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| what enables us to calculate power in an ac circuit |
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| formula for watts in an ac circuit |
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| ration between average power demand and maximum power demand of a house |
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| short term power requirements in addition to normal energy billing for overall consumption |
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| interval timing technique that starts a new interval every minute and updates the maximum interval demand |
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| clause that levies a demand charge for a number of months based upon the maximum demand in any single month |
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| a measure of uniformity of power demand |
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| avg power demand / max power demand |
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Definition
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user = economic reasons
utility = to permit more efficiet use of its facilities
general public = avoiding power plant construction and associated inefficient use of fuel during partial generator loading - overall reduction in fuel use |
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Definition
| why do people want to reduce electrical demand charges |
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| electrical demand control |
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Definition
| intended to control power which is timed energy use |
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Definition
| enables efficient utilization of available energy - resulting in lower demand charges |
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| smaller equipment, lower first cost, less space allocated for equipment |
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Definition
| factors that contribute to electric demand control in original design |
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energy conservation
equipment widely adopted
reduction in nationwide per capita electric power/energy
more investors in electric demand control |
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Definition
| how does the environment benefit from the rebate program offered as incentive for development |
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Term
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| whats an advantage to users of electric demand control |
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| encourages off-peak use of electricity by offering a lower energy rate for consumption during off-peak hours |
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| what times of day are considered off-peak hours |
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| provides an emergency power to a load when the input power source, typically the main power, fails. |
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| primary function is the control of energy consumption and that secondarily provides electrtic demand control |
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| average power / peak power over a given period of time |
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