Term
| Fundamental Attribution Error |
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Definition
| The tendency, in explaining other people's behavior, to overestimate personality factors and underestimate the influence of the situation. |
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Term
| What are attitudes? Do they guide our actions? Do actions guide our attitudes? |
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Definition
| Attitudes are beliefs and feelings the predispose our reactions. (yes, if...) yes, example is the stanford prison experiment |
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Term
| Why do actions affect our attitudes? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A state of tension that occurs when a person simultaneously holds two cognitive that are psychologically inconsistent or when a person's belief is incongruent with his or her behavior |
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Term
| What can harm an embryo or fetus? |
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Definition
| alcohol, led, x-rays, STD's, smoking, drugs, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| A system of beliefs about the way one's own mind and the mind of others work, and of how individuals are affected by their beliefs and feelings. |
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Term
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Definition
| Habituation (bored with things), rooting reflex, recognize faces, Mom's smell... |
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Term
Piaget's Stage Theory
Sensorimotor (birth to age 2) |
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Definition
-sensory and motor interactions with objects
-no object permanence until 8 months?
-no abstract concepts or ideas? |
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Term
Piaget's Stage Theory
Preoperational (age 2 to 6 years)
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Definition
-can't perform mental interactions like conversation (conversation quantity remains the same despite changes in shape)
-they are egocentric (can't perceive things from another's point of view)
-Theory of Mind (people's ideas about their own and other's mental states; not fully developed yet)
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Term
Piaget's Stage Theory
Concrete Operational (7 to 11 years) |
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Definition
-they can think logically about concrete events
-they have conversations, can do math, transformations, etc.
-still cannot think logically about abstract concepts |
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Term
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Definition
| concept or framework that organizes and interprets information |
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Term
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Definition
| interpreting a new experience in terms of an existing schema |
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Term
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Definition
| adjusting schemas to fit new information |
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Term
Piaget's Stage Theory
Formal Operational (12+ years) |
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Definition
| -logical thinking about abstract concepts |
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Term
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Definition
| some animals form attachments during a critical period just after birth (not humans) |
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Term
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Definition
| emotional tie with another person (infant-parent bond); Harlow's monkey study (touch is key) |
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Term
Attachment Styles:
Secure (60% of babies) |
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Definition
-when mom is present, they play and explore
-when mom leaves, they cry
-when mom comes back, they go to her |
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Term
Attachment Styles:
Ambivalent (Insecure) |
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Definition
-when mom is present, they cling and don't explore
-when mom leaves, they really cry
-when mom comes back, they go to mom but are still upset |
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Term
Attachments Styles:
Avoidant (Insecure) |
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Definition
-when mom is present, they don't use her as a base
-when mom leaves, they don't cry
-when mom comes back, they don'y seek her |
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Term
| What causes insecure attachment? |
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Definition
-it's not daycare
-it's not all mom's fault
-it's not different in child-rearing
-stress, neglect, abandonment
-temperament |
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Term
| When does self-awareness occur? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
A strong, unreasonable dislike or hatred of a group, based on a negative stereotype
-Unjustifiable attitude towards a group
-Beliefs, emotions, predispositions to action
-Subtle ("The Good Wife" article) |
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Term
| Where does prejudice come from? |
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Definition
| ingroup/outgroup (we define who we are in terms of our groups) |
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Term
| What is an example of role-playing? |
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Definition
| Zimbardo's Standford Prison Experiment |
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Term
| What is an example of conformity? |
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Definition
| Asch's "lines" experiment |
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Term
| What are some conditions that strengthen conformity? |
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Definition
| Obedience; Milgram's study (over 60% of people went all the way to XXX) |
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Term
| What is an example of social facilitation? |
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Definition
| joggers speed up when they see other people |
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Term
| What is an example of social loafing? |
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Definition
| people give less effort when part of a team than when individually accountable |
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Term
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Definition
| The tendency for all members of a group to think alike for the sake of harmony and to suppress disagreement |
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Term
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Definition
| In groups or crowds, the loss of awareness of one's own individuality |
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Term
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Definition
| Rules that regulate social life, including explicit laws and implicit cultural conventions |
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Term
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Definition
-physio comes first
-our feelings follow our body's response |
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Term
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Definition
-problems with James-Lange; body's responses not distinct enough to envoke all different emotions
-Cannon-Bard; physio and conscious experience occur at the same time |
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Term
| Two-Factor Theory (Schacter) |
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Definition
-physio and a cognitive label
-you have to interpert the arousal
(Schacter's epinephrine study; Dutton and Aron, attraction and arousal) |
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Term
| Who is good at telling if someone is lying? |
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Definition
| CIA agents and secret service agents |
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Term
| Are hand gestures and facial expressions universal? |
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Definition
| hand gestures are not, but facial expressions are |
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Term
| How many emotions are there? |
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Definition
Primary: anger, happiness, fear, surprise, disgust, sadness, and contempt
Secondary: variations and blends of the primaries |
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Term
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Definition
-usually helpful
-we can learn to fear almost anything
(personal experience and observational learning) |
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Term
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Definition
| part of the limbic system (emotions), known for fear, and is the key to learning fear |
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Term
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Definition
| an emotional release; "hypothesis," don't think about anger and it will lessen |
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Term
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Definition
| The belief that one's own ethnic group, nation, or religion is superior to all others |
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Term
| What are the three stages of prenatal development? |
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Definition
| the germinal, the embryonic, and the fetal |
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Term
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Definition
| Maturation unfolds in an orderly pattern, without much influence from the enviroment |
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Term
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Definition
| The understanding, which develops throughout the first year, that an object continues to exist even when you cannot see it or touch it |
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Term
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Definition
| The understanding that the physical properties of objects, such as the number of items in a cluster or the amount of liquid in a glass, can remain the same even when their form or apperance changes |
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Term
| When does adolescence start and end? |
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Definition
| It refers to the period of time between puberty, the age at which a person becomes capable of sexual reproduction, and adulthood |
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Term
Social Development:
Erikson's Stages of Identity |
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Definition
1. Trust versus mistrust
2. Autonomy (independence) versus shame and doubt
3. Initiative versus guilt
4. Competence versus inferiority
5. Indentity versus role confusion
6. Intimacy versus isolation
7. Generativity versus stagnation
8. Ego intregrity versus despair |
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Term
| Valence and Arousal is to... |
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Definition
| Sympathetic and Parasympathetic |
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Term
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Definition
| Social and cultural rules that regulate when, how, and where a person may express (or supress) emotions. |
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Term
| ________ expressions of ________ are adaptive, _______ ________ are not. |
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Definition
| controlled, anger, violent outbursts |
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Term
| Adaptation-level Phenomenon |
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Definition
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Term
| Relative-deprivation Principle |
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Definition
| Never knew you were poor until you noticed your neighbors... |
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Term
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Definition
| Brain cells that fire when a person or animal observes others carrying out an action; they are involved in empathy, imitation, and reading emotions |
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Term
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Definition
| The study of the relationships amoung psychology, the nervous and endocrine systems, and the immune system |
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Term
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Definition
| A general expectation about whether the results of your actions are under your own control (internal locus) or beyond your control (external locus) |
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Term
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Definition
| The theory that people are motivated to explain their own and other people's behavior by attributing causes of that behavior to a situation or a disposition |
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Term
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Definition
| An expectation that comes true because of the tendency of the peron holding it to act in ways that bring it about |
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Term
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Definition
| The willingness to take selfless or dangerous action on behalf of others, are in part a matter of personal convictions and conscience |
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Term
| What is the intent of aggression? |
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Definition
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