Term
| your aircraft had the static pressure system and altimeter tested and inspected on january 5, of this year , and was found comply with FAA standards. These systems must be re-inspected and approved for use in controlled airspace under IFR by |
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Definition
| January 31, 2 years hence |
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Term
| an aircraft altimeter system test and inspection must be accomplished within. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| an aircraft operated under 14 CFR part 91 IFR is required to have which of the following? |
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Definition
| Gyroscopic direction indicator |
|
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Term
| you check the flight instruments while taxiind and find the vertical speed indicator (VSI) indicates a descent of 100 feet per minute. In this case you |
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Definition
| may take off and use 100 feet descent as the zero indication. |
|
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Term
| under what condition is pressure altitude and identity altitude the same value? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| under which condition will pressure altitude be equal to true altitude? |
|
Definition
| when standard atmospheric conditions exist |
|
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Term
| which condition would cause the altimeter to indicate a lower altitude than actually flown (true altitude)? |
|
Definition
| air temperature warmer than standard. |
|
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Term
| when altimeter is changed from 30.11 inches Hg to 29.96 inches Hg in which direction will the indicated altitude change and by what value? |
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Definition
| Altimeter will indicate 150 feet lower. |
|
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Term
| Under what condition will true altitude be lower than indicated altitude with an altimeter setting of setting of 29.92 inches Hg? |
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Definition
| In colder than standard air temperature. |
|
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Term
| Which of the following defines the type of altitude used when maintaining FL 210? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Altimeter setting ie the value to which the scale of the pressure altimeter is set so the altimeter indicates |
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Definition
| true altitude at field elevation |
|
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Term
| what CAS must be used to maintain the filed TAS at the flight planned altitude if the outside air temperature is -5 degree C |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What Cas must be used to maintain the filed TAS at the flight planned altitude if the outside air temperature is +8 degree C |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what CAS must be used to maintain the filed TAS at the flight planned altitude if the outside air temperature is +05 degrees C |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What CAS must be used to maintain filed TAS at the flight planned altitude if the outside air temperature is +5 degrees C |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What CAS must be used to maintain the filed TAS at the flight planned altitude? (Temperature 0 degrees C) |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What CAS should be the filed TAS if the outside air temperature is + 05 degrees C |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What CAS should be used to maintain the filed TAS at the flight planned altitude if the the outside air temperature is +05 degree C |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How should your preflight check the altimeter prior to the IFR flight |
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Definition
| set the altimeter to the current altimeter setting the indication should be within 75 feet of the actual elevation for acceptable accuracy . |
|
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Term
| what is the procedure for the altimeter when assigned an IFR altitude of the 18,000 feet or higher on a direct flight off airways? |
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Definition
| set the altimeter to the current reported setting for the climbout 29.92 inches Hg upon reaching 18,000 feet. |
|
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Term
| In what localities is advection fog most likely to occur? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Frontal waves normally form on |
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Definition
| Frontal waves and cyclones (areas of low pressure) usually form on slow-moving cold fronts or stationary fronts. |
|
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Term
| Which of the following combinations of weather producing variables would likely result in cumuliform-type clouds, good visibility, rain showers, and possible clear-type icing in clouds? |
|
Definition
| unstable, moist air, and orographic lifting |
|
|
Term
| To which meteorological condition does the term 'dew point' refer? |
|
Definition
| the temperature to which air must be cooled to become saturated |
|
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Term
| An aircraft that encounters a headwind of 45 knots, within a microburst, may expect a total shear across the microburst of |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Test data indicate that ice, snow, or frost having a thickness and roughness similar to medium or coarse sandpaper on the leading edge and upper surface of an airfoil can |
|
Definition
| reduces lift by as much as 30 percent and increase drag by up to 40 percent. |
|
|
Term
| Where do squall lines most often develop? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| A temperature inversion will normally form only |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hazardous wind shear is commonly encountered near the ground |
|
Definition
| during periods of strong temperature inversion and near thunderstorms. |
|
|
Term
| The average height of the troposphere in the middle latitudes is |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What temperature condition is indicated if wet snow is encountered at your flight altitude? |
|
Definition
| the temperature is above freezing at your altitude |
|
|
Term
| In which meteorological environment is aircraft structural icing most likely to have the highest rate of accumulation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The presence of ice pellets at the surface is evidence that |
|
Definition
| there is freezing rain at a higher altitude |
|
|
Term
| What are the four families of clouds? |
|
Definition
| high clouds, middle clouds, low clouds, and clouds with extensive vertical development. |
|
|
Term
| Maximum downdrafts in a microburst encounter may be as strong as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where can wind shear associated with a thunderstorm be found? Choose the most complete answer. |
|
Definition
| Wind shear can be found on all sides of a thunderstorm cell and in the downdraft directly under the cell. |
|
|
Term
| If you fly into severe turbulence, which flight condition should you attempt to maintain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What feature is associated with a temperature inversion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fair weather cumulus clouds often indicate |
|
Definition
| Fair weather cumulus clouds often indicate bumpy turbulence beneath and in the clouds but good visibility. |
|
|
Term
| The aircraft in position 3 will experience which effect in a microburst encounter? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When passing through an abrupt wind shear which involves a shift from a tailwind to a headwind, what power management would normally be required to maintain a constant indicated airspeed and ILS glide slope? |
|
Definition
| Power should first be reduced to correct this condition. Power should be further reduced as the aircraft proceeds through the wind shear, then increased. |
|
|
Term
| Under which condition does advection fog usually form? |
|
Definition
| moist air moves over colder ground or water. |
|
|
Term
| Thrust is managed to maintain IAS, and glide slope is being flown. What characteristics should be observed when a headwind shears to be a constant tailwind? |
|
Definition
| When a headwind shears to a constant tailwind: the nose pitches down, thrust must be increased initially to resume normal approach speed and then reduced as the airspeed stabilizes, vertical speed increases, and indicated airspeed decreases and then increases to approach speed. |
|
|
Term
| During an IFR cross-country flight you picked up rime icing which you estimate is 1/2" thick on the leading edge of the wings. You are now below the clouds at 2000 feet AGL and are approaching your destination airport under VFR. Visibility under the clouds is more than 10 miles, winds at the destination airport are 8 knots right down the runway, and the surface temperature is 3 degrees Celsius. You decide to |
|
Definition
| Ice will accumulate unevenly on the airplane. It will add weight and drag, and decrease thrust and lift. With ice accumulations, landing approaches should be made with a minimum wing flap setting and with an added margin of airspeed. Sudden and large configuration and airspeed changes should be avoided. |
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of stable air? |
|
Definition
| poor visibility, steady precipitation, and stratus type clouds |
|
|
Term
| When penetrating a microburst, which aircraft will experience an increase in performance without a change in pitch or power? |
|
Definition
| At position 1 the aircraft is in the outflow, initially experiencing a headwind with little or no downdraft resulting in a temporary performance increase. |
|
|
Term
| What is indicated by the term 'embedded thunderstorms'? |
|
Definition
| thunderstorms are quite visible to the pilot. However, when a thunderstorm is present but not visible to the pilot due to cloud cover, such as a thick stratus layer, the thunderstorm is said to be 'embedded. |
|
|
Term
| Which clouds have the greatest turbulence? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If the air temperature is +8°C at an elevation of 1,350 feet and a standard (average) temperature lapse rate exists, what will be the approximate freezing level? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Unsaturated air flowing up slope will cool at the rate of approximately (dry adiabatic lapse rate) |
|
Definition
| 3°C (5.4°F) per 1,000 feet. |
|
|
Term
| Unsaturated air flowing up slope will cool at the rate of approximately (dry adiabatic lapse rate) |
|
Definition
| 3°C (5.4°F) per 1,000 feet. |
|
|
Term
| If squalls are reported at your destination, what wind conditions should you anticipate? |
|
Definition
| A squall is a sudden increase in speed of at least 16 knots to a sustained speed of 22 knots or more, lasting for at least one minute. |
|
|
Term
| What is the expected duration of an individual microburst? |
|
Definition
| An individual microburst will seldom last longer than 15 minutes from the time it strikes the ground until dissipation. However, there may be multiple microbursts in the area. |
|
|
Term
| Which is a characteristic of low-level wind shear as it relates to frontal activity? |
|
Definition
| Data compiled on wind shear indicates that the amount of shear in warm fronts is much greater than that found in cold fronts. |
|
|
Term
| Which precipitation type normally indicates freezing rain at higher altitudes? |
|
Definition
| Ice pellets always indicate freezing rain at higher altitudes. |
|
|
Term
| Which procedure is recommended if a pilot should unintentionally penetrate embedded thunderstorm activity? |
|
Definition
| Don't change power settings; maintain settings for reduced airspeed. |
|
|
Term
| What enhances the growth rate of precipitation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What causes surface winds to flow across the isobars at an angle rather than parallel to the isobars? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The amount of water vapor which air can hold largely depends on |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What types of fog depend upon a wind in order to exist? |
|
Definition
| Advection fog and upslope fog |
|
|
Term
| What are some characteristics of unstable air? |
|
Definition
| turbulence and good surface visibility |
|
|
Term
| In which situation is advection fog most likely to form? |
|
Definition
| an air mass moving inland from the coast in winter |
|
|
Term
| Which force, in the Northern Hemisphere, acts at a right angle to the wind and deflects it to the right until parallel to the isobars? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which weather phenomenon is always associated with the passage of a frontal system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A common type of ground or surface based temperature inversion is that which is produced by |
|
Definition
| ground radiation on clear cool nights when the wind is light. |
|
|
Term
| What is an operational consideration if you fly into rain which freezes on impact? |
|
Definition
| temperatures are above freezing at some higher altitude |
|
|
Term
| If involved in a microburst encounter, in which aircraft positions will the most severe downdraft occur? |
|
Definition
| The strongest downdraft occurs at point 3. Although there is also downdraft at points 2 and 4, the correct answer is C (3 and 4) because the combination of downdraft and tailwind at 4 has a more negative effect on performance than the combination of downdraft and headwind at 2. |
|
|
Term
| What is an indication that downdrafts have developed and the thunderstorm cell has entered the mature stage? |
|
Definition
| Precipitation beginning to fall from the cloud base signals that a downdraft has developed and a cell has entered the mature stage. |
|
|
Term
| While flying a 3° glide slope, a headwind shears to a tailwind. Which conditions should the pilot expect on the glide slope? |
|
Definition
| When a headwind shears to a tailwind the airspeed decreases, the nose pitches down, and the aircraft will begin to drop below the glide slope. |
|
|
Term
| Which family of clouds is least likely to contribute to structural icing on an aircraft? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What relationship exists between the winds at 2,000 feet above the surface and the surface winds? |
|
Definition
| Close to the earth, wind direction is modified by the contours over which it passes and wind speed is reduced by friction with the surface. Also, the winds at the surface are at an angle across the isobars due to the stronger pressure gradient. At levels 2,000 feet above the surface, the speed is greater and the direction is usually parallel to the isobars. |
|
|
Term
| What are the requirements for the formation of a thunderstorm? |
|
Definition
For a thunderstorm to form, the air must have:
1. Sufficient water vapor,
2. An unstable lapse rate, and
3. An initial upward boost (lifting) to start the storm process in motion. |
|
|
Term
| A high cloud is composed mostly of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A pilot reporting turbulence that momentarily causes slight, erratic changes in altitude and/or attitude should report it as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The presence of standing lenticular altocumulus clouds is a good indication of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is a characteristic of stable air? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is a characteristic of stable air? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The suffix 'nimbus', used in naming clouds, means a |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which weather conditions should be expected beneath a low-level temperature inversion layer when the relative humidity is high? |
|
Definition
| A wind shear zone develops between the calm and the stronger winds above. Eddies in the shear zone cause airspeed fluctuations as an aircraft climbs or descends through the inversion. |
|
|
Term
| What is an important characteristic of wind shear? |
|
Definition
| Wind shear may be associated with either a wind shift or a wind speed gradient at any level in the atmosphere. Low-level wind shear may result from a frontal passage, thunderstorm activity, or low-level temperature inversion. Wind shear may also be found at higher altitudes in association with a frontal passage due to wind shift through the frontal zone. |
|
|
Term
| Why is frost considered hazardous to flight operation? |
|
Definition
| Frost does not change the basic aerodynamic shape of the wing, but the roughness of its surface spoils the smooth flow of air, thus causing a slowing of the airflow. This slowing of the air causes early air flow separation over the affected airfoil, resulting in a loss of lift. |
|
|
Term
| If severe turbulence is encountered during your IFR flight, the airplane should be slowed to the design maneuvering speed because the |
|
Definition
| If during flight, rough air or severe turbulence is encountered, the airspeed should be reduced to maneuvering speed or less, to minimize the stress on the airplane structure. |
|
|
Term
| When a climb or descent through an inversion or wind-shear zone is being performed, the pilot should be alert for which of the following change in airplane performance? |
|
Definition
| a sudden change in airspeed |
|
|
Term
| What type clouds can be expected when an unstable air mass is forced to ascend a mountain slope? |
|
Definition
| cloudiness shows extensive vertical development. |
|
|
Term
| Where does wind shear occur? |
|
Definition
| Wind shear may be associated with either a wind shift or a wind speed gradient at any level in the atmosphere. |
|
|
Term
How much colder than standard temperature is the forecast temperature at 9,000 feet, as indicated in the following excerpt from the Winds and Temperature Aloft Forecast?
FT 6000 9000
0737-04 1043-10 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A characteristic of the stratosphere is |
|
Definition
| Above the tropopause is the stratosphere. This layer is typified by relatively small changes in temperature with height except for a warming trend near the top. |
|
|
Term
| While flying a 3° glide slope, a constant tailwind shears to a calm wind. Which conditions should the pilot expect? |
|
Definition
| Initially, the IAS and pitch will increase and the aircraft will balloon above the glide slope. |
|
|
Term
| A jet stream is defined as wind of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which are characteristics of an unstable cold air mass moving over a warm surface? |
|
Definition
| Characteristics typical of an unstable air mass are cumuliform clouds, turbulence, and good visibility. |
|
|
Term
| The primary cause of all changes in the Earth's weather is |
|
Definition
| Differences in solar energy create temperature variations. |
|
|
Term
| The most frequent type of ground- or surface-based temperature inversion is that produced by |
|
Definition
| radiation on a clear, cool nights when wind is light. The ground radiates and cools much faster than the overlying air. |
|
|
Term
| Standing lenticular clouds, in mountainous areas, indicate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What effect will a microburst encounter have upon the aircraft in position 4? |
|
Definition
| strong tailwind and the performance decreases |
|
|
Term
| Which weather phenomenon is always associated with a thunderstorm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which conditions are favorable for the formation of radiation fog? |
|
Definition
| clear skies, little or no wind, and small temperature/dewpoint spread (high relative humidity). |
|
|
Term
| Which conditions result in the formation of frost? |
|
Definition
| the air temperature must be below the dew point and the dew point of the surrounding air must be colder than freezing. Water vapor will then sublimate directly as ice crystals or frost. |
|
|
Term
| Which thunderstorms generally produce the most severe conditions, such as heavy hail and destructive winds? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an important characteristic of wind shear? |
|
Definition
| frontal passage, thunderstorm activity, or low-level temperature inversion. |
|
|
Term
| The general characteristics of unstable air are |
|
Definition
| Characteristics typical of an unstable and a stable air mass are shown in the figure. |
|
|
Term
| Winds at 5,000 feet AGL on a particular flight are southwesterly while most of the surface winds are southerly. This difference in direction is primarily due to |
|
Definition
| Friction between the wind and the surface slows the wind. |
|
|
Term
| What type of clouds will be formed if very stable moist air is forced up slope? |
|
Definition
| cloudiness is flat and stratified. |
|
|
Term
| Which weather condition can be expected when moist air flows from a relatively warm surface to a colder surface? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Clouds, fog, or dew will always form when |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During the life cycle of a thunderstorm, which stage is characterized predominately by downdrafts? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which weather phenomenon signals the beginning of the mature stage of a thunderstorm? |
|
Definition
| the start of rain at the surface |
|
|
Term
| Steady precipitation, in contrast to showers, preceding a front is an indication of |
|
Definition
| Stratiform clouds are associated with stable air with little or no turbulence |
|
|
Term
| Stability can be determined from which measurement of the atmosphere? |
|
Definition
| ambient temperature lapse rate |
|
|
Term
| How will the aircraft in position 4 be affected by a microburst encounter? |
|
Definition
| performance decrease. The wind contours indicate a strong downdraft and increasing tailwind |
|
|
Term
| Which feature is associated with the tropopause? |
|
Definition
| An abrupt change in temperature lapse rate characterizes the tropopause. |
|
|
Term
| What situation is most conducive to the formation of radiation fog? |
|
Definition
| warm, moist air over low, flatland areas on clear, calm nights. |
|
|
Term
| An air mass is a body of air that |
|
Definition
| covers an extensive area that has fairly uniform temperatures and moisture content, the body of air (or air mass) acquires the temperature/moisture properties of the geographical |
|
|
Term
| Fog is usually prevalent in industrial areas because of |
|
Definition
| Abundant condensation nuclei enhance the formation of fog. |
|
|
Term
| What determines the structure or type of clouds which form as a result of air being forced to ascend? |
|
Definition
| the stability of the air before lifting occurs |
|
|
Term
| The strength and location of the jet stream is normally |
|
Definition
| weaker and farther north in the summer |
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|
